3.阅读理解【国家开放大学学士学位英语】湛江雅托教育培训中心
阅读理解
1. B
解析:本题为主旨大意题。文章开篇介绍社区志愿服务成为趋势,接着从身体健康、心理健康、职业发展三个方面说明志愿者获得的收益,最后提到虽然存在挑战,但整体发展趋势向好,对社会和个人均有价值。A选项颠倒了收益与挑战的关系,C选项过于绝对,志愿者并非只为职业发展,D选项只是文中提到的细节并非主旨。因此B选项正确。
2. C
解析:本题为细节查找题。根据文章第二段第二句话"people who volunteered at least 2 hours a week had lower rates of depression and lower blood pressure than those who never volunteered"可知,定期做志愿者的人群抑郁患病率更低、血压更低,C选项符合原文描述,因此正确。
3. B
解析:本题为细节推理题。文章第三段最后一句话提到"82% of employers prefer to hire candidates who have volunteer experience, as it demonstrates responsibility, communication skills, and a commitment to the community",说明志愿者经历能够证明求职者具备责任意识、沟通能力等良好个人品质,因此雇主更偏好这类候选人,B选项符合原文描述,因此正确。
4. C
解析:本题为推理判断题。文章第二段提到,在数字化时代很多人感到孤独,志愿活动创造了面对面的社交联系,减少了孤独感,C选项符合原文推断。A选项过于绝对,志愿活动对全职工作者同样有益;B选项与原文矛盾,只有过度承担责任才可能导致倦怠,并非所有志愿者都会出现健康问题;D选项与原文最后一段"the overall trend of increasing community service shows no signs of slowing down"不符,因此C选项正确。
5. A
解析:本题为作者态度理解题。作者在文中明确介绍了志愿活动给个人和社会带来的多种好处,虽然提到了存在挑战,但结尾指出随着更多人认识到其价值,志愿活动会持续发展,整体态度是支持的,因此A选项正确。
6. B
解析:本题为细节查找题。文章第一段第二句话明确提到"this proportion is expected to rise to 68% by 2050, according to the United Nations",因此B选项正确。
7. C
解析:本题为细节查找题。文章第二段第一句话提到"One of the most pressing issues is housing affordability",说明住房可负担性是快速城市化带来的最紧迫问题,因此C选项正确。
8. C
解析:本题为细节理解题。文章第三段提到"children born in poor neighborhoods are much less likely to get a good education or access good jobs, so they often remain poor as adults",说明贫困社区的孩子无法获得优质教育和工作机会,因此形成贫困循环,C选项符合原文描述,正确。
9. A
解析:本题为细节查找题。文章第四段第二句话提到"some cities have introduced affordable housing programs that require developers to include a certain percentage of low-cost housing in new construction projects",A选项符合原文提到的解决方案,因此正确。
10. C
解析:本题为推理判断题。文章最后一句话提到"These initiatives show that with thoughtful planning and political will, it is possible to make cities more inclusive and sustainable for all residents",说明合理的规划和政治意愿能够帮助城市解决城市化带来的挑战,C选项符合作者的暗示,因此正确。
11. 【答案】A
【解析】事实细节题/主旨大意题。第一段第一句直接给出了文化的定义,第二句列举了文化包含的组成部分(语言、价值观、信仰、习俗、艺术、社会制度),核心内容是解释文化的定义和基本构成,因此选A。B选项(对比世界不同文化)、C选项(描述文化随时间变化)第一段未提及;D选项(讨论文化对人类社会的重要性)不是第一段的核心主旨,因此排除。
12. 【答案】B
【解析】事实细节题。根据第二段最后一句“This increased interaction has many benefits... However, it also creates challenges... cultural assimilation, where smaller local cultures are replaced by larger global cultures.”可知,文化交流带来的挑战之一就是小型本土文化可能被更大的全球文化取代,因此选B。A选项(人们学习新技能的兴趣降低)与原文矛盾,原文提到文化交流帮助人们学习新技能;C选项(对普通人来说全球旅行更贵)、D选项(网络交流减少了面对面互动)原文未提及,因此排除。
13. 【答案】C
【解析】事实细节题。根据第三段第一句“Many people worry that globalization is leading to a 'global culture' that erases local cultural differences.”可知,人们担心全球化会消除本土文化的独特差异,erase对应选项中的eliminate,因此选C。A选项(全球化让本土文化保存成本太高)原文未提及;B选项(全球化会导致国家间更多文化冲突)文中未提到这点,只提到文化误解;D选项(西方文化会被非西方文化取代)与原文表述相反,原文说西方文化在全球传播,因此排除。
14. 【答案】B
【解析】事实细节题。根据第四段第二句“Instead, it often encourages people to rediscover and celebrate their cultural roots.”可知,全球化反而会鼓励人们重新发现和保护自己的文化根源,因此选B。A选项(全球化总是破坏本土文化传统)是大众担忧而非研究者的观点;C选项(全球化让本土文化对年轻人吸引力下降)是大众担忧的内容,不是研究者的结论;D选项(全球化降低了小型本土文化的全球影响力)与原文矛盾,原文提到文化交流让本土文化传播到全球,提升影响力,因此排除。
15. 【答案】B
【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句“It helps us communicate more effectively, avoid conflict, and work together to solve global problems.”可知,理解不同文化可以帮助我们避免冲突,合作解决全球问题,因此选B。A选项(只有经常出国的人才需要)与原文矛盾,原文提到即使和国际同事工作、看外国媒体也需要;C选项(会让人们失去自身文化身份)原文未提及;D选项(在当今互联世界很难实现)原文没有相关表述,因此排除。
16. 【答案】B
【解析】事实细节题。根据第一段第二句“Unlike tea drinking in Western countries... Chinese tea culture emphasizes the natural flavor of tea and the spiritual experience of drinking tea.”可知,中国茶文化强调茶的本味和饮茶的精神体验,这是和西方饮茶习惯的核心区别,因此选B。A选项(中国茶文化用不同茶叶)原文没有提到;C选项(西方饮茶历史比中国更长)与原文矛盾,中国茶文化有4000多年历史;D选项(西方饮茶只在上层流行)是欧洲早期的情况,不是和中国茶文化的区别,因此排除。
17. 【答案】D
【解析】事实细节题,排除题。根据第二段内容,茶的用途包括欢迎客人(A选项)、尊重长辈(B选项)、庆祝重要事件(C选项),第二段最后提到“Tea is also an important part of traditional Chinese medicine, where different types of tea are believed to have health benefits”,只是说茶有健康功效,并没有说可以替代药物治疗疾病,因此D选项不属于茶的传统用途,选D。
18. 【答案】A
【解析】事实细节题。根据第三段第二句“In the 8th century, a Japanese monk brought tea seeds and tea making techniques from China to Japan”可知,是日本僧人从中国带回了茶种和制茶技术,因此选A。B选项(17世纪中国商人传入日本)时间和主体错误,17世纪是传入欧洲的时间;C选项(日本旅行者从欧洲带回茶种)、D选项(日本政府邀请中国茶师教学)原文未提及,因此排除。
19. 【答案】B
【解析】事实细节题。根据第四段“However, in recent years, there has been a revival of interest in tea culture among young Chinese people. Many young people are opening modern tea houses that combine traditional tea making techniques with modern design”可知,近年来中国出现了年轻人复兴茶文化的趋势,年轻人结合传统技艺和现代设计改编茶文化,因此选B。A选项(更少年轻人对传统茶感兴趣)是之前大众的担忧,不是近年来的趋势;C选项(现代茶馆取代了所有传统制茶方法)原文说结合传统技艺,不是取代;D选项(社交媒体降低了大众对茶文化的认知)与原文矛盾,原文说社交媒体帮助传播茶文化,因此排除。
20. 【答案】C
【解析】观点态度题,推理判断题。根据最后一段作者的观点“tea culture is more than just a tradition from the past; it is a living culture that can adapt to modern life... As long as people continue to find meaning and value in the experience of tea, Chinese tea culture will continue to thrive for many more generations.”可知,作者认为茶文化可以适应现代生活,依然能给现代人提供价值,会继续繁荣发展,因此作者的态度是乐观的,选C。A(消极)、B(不确定)、D(漠不关心)都不符合作者的表述,因此排除。
21. 答案:B
解析:文章开篇介绍垂直农业的概念和优势,随后论述其面临的高能源成本等挑战,最后说明行业仍在发展并具有未来潜力,核心主旨是垂直农业潜力巨大但大规模推广仍面临挑战。A选项(完全取代传统农业)过于绝对,不符合原文;C选项(新技术解决了传统农业所有环境问题)不符合原文对挑战的论述;D选项(传统农业将在2050年被完全放弃)无原文依据,因此B正确。
22. 答案:C
解析:根据第二段"it can grow food closer to cities, reducing transportation costs and carbon emissions"可知,垂直农业缩短了食物运输距离,从而减少碳排放,属于环境优势。A选项(比传统农业用水更多)与原文"uses 90% less water"相反;B选项(需要更多杀虫剂)与原文"no need for pesticides"相反;D选项(增加污染水源的径流)与原文"runoff... is completely eliminated"相反,因此C正确。
23. 答案:B
解析:根据第三段"The biggest problem is energy cost... which makes vertical farming much more expensive than traditional farming. Most vertical farms currently only grow high-value crops..."可知,高能源成本推高了垂直农业的生产成本,只有高价值作物能覆盖成本实现盈利。A选项(叶菜比大宗商品作物需水量更大)无原文依据;C选项(大宗商品作物完全不能在室内种植)表述绝对,不符合文意;D选项(消费者不想购买垂直种植的大宗商品作物)无原文依据,因此B正确。
24. 答案:C
解析:根据第四段"new technologies... are making vertical farming more efficient. As... climate change puts more pressure on traditional agriculture, vertical farming may become an important part of our food future"可知,新技术发展和气候变化带来的传统农业压力会提升垂直农业的重要性。A选项(10年内完全取代传统农业)过于绝对;B选项(不可能成为全球粮食系统的重要部分)与原文不符;D选项(仅在没有耕地的贫困国家使用)无原文依据,因此C正确。
25. 答案:B
解析:作者既客观介绍了垂直农业的优势,也不回避其当前面临的高成本等挑战,最后指出其未来发展潜力,态度是中立且谨慎乐观的。A选项(完全否定)、C选项(不加批判的完全肯定)、D选项(漠不关心)都不符合作者的行文风格,因此B正确。
26. 答案:B
解析:文章开篇引出"动物能预测地震"这一话题,随后介绍了三种不同的假说和相关研究,最后说明该研究的未来价值,核心目的是解释当前关于动物预测地震的相关研究进展。A选项(证明所有相关报道都是巧合)与文意相反;C选项(主张动物应作为唯一预警系统)过度引申,原文未提及;D选项(描述地震的形成原因)偏离核心主题,因此B正确。
27. 答案:A
解析:根据第二段"One hypothesis is that animals can sense the release of charged particles called ions... When rocks are squeezed... release positive ions... These ions can cause changes in brain chemistry and blood chemistry in animals, leading to unusual behavior"可知,A选项符合假说内容。B选项是P波假说的内容,不是离子假说;C、D选项无原文依据,因此A正确。
28. 答案:A
解析:根据第三段"this explanation only accounts for warnings of a few seconds or minutes, not the unusual behavior that people report days before an earthquake"可知,P波假说只能解释地震前数秒到数分钟的异常行为,无法解释数天前的异常,这是该解释的局限性。B选项与原文"humans cannot usually hear these low-frequency waves"相反;C选项(P波比S波更具破坏性)与原文表述相反;D选项无原文依据,因此A正确。
29. 答案:B
解析:根据第四段"96% of the male toads left their breeding site and moved to higher ground five days before the earthquake"可知,绝大多数蟾蜍在地震发生前数天就离开了繁殖地。A选项(没有蟾蜍改变行为)与原文相反;C选项(仅在地震后几小时返回)与原文"did not return until after the aftershocks ended"不符;D选项(对S波做出反应)不符合原文,研究认为蟾蜍对地下水化学变化做出反应,因此B正确。
30. 答案:B
解析:根据最后一段"If animals can indeed predict earthquakes days in advance, this research could lead to new early warning systems that save thousands of lives... hoping to develop new technology that can replicate what animals do naturally"可知,相关研究有助于开发新的救生预警技术。A选项(科学家已经完全放弃研究)与文意相反;C选项(人类永远无法开发提前预测地震的技术)无原文依据;D选项(所有地震都将由动物预测)过于绝对,因此B正确。
31. B
【解析】本题为主旨大意题。文章第一段引入微清洁的概念,第二段介绍微清洁的运作逻辑,第三段说明微清洁的优势,第四段介绍批评者对微清洁的不同看法,最后总结微清洁对很多人是更易操作的清洁方式,全文围绕微清洁的概念、优缺点展开。因此正确答案为B。
32. C
【解析】本题为细节理解题。根据第一段第三句"Micro-cleaning simply means doing short, 10 to 15 minute cleaning tasks every day instead of saving all the work for one big cleaning session on the weekend"可知,微清洁是每天10-15分钟的短清洁任务。因此正确答案为C。
33. B
【解析】本题为细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句"By breaking cleaning into tiny chunks, you never feel overwhelmed by the amount of work you need to do"可知,微清洁将清洁拆分为小任务,不会让人对清洁工作感到难以承受。因此正确答案为B。
34. A
【解析】本题为细节理解题。根据第四段第二句"People who work long hours or take care of young children may not even have 10 minutes a day to spare for extra cleaning"可知,批评者认为长时间工作或照顾幼儿的人每天抽不出10分钟做微清洁,微清洁不适合这类人群。因此正确答案为A。
35. C
【解析】本题为推理判断题,考查作者态度。根据最后一段最后一句"Micro-cleaning isn't a perfect solution for everyone, but for many people, it makes the work of keeping a home clean much more manageable"可知,作者认为微清洁虽然不适合所有人,也并不完美,但对很多人而言是很好的选择。因此正确答案为C。
36. B
【解析】本题为细节理解题。根据第一段第一、二句"Many people think that happiness is something that happens to you. You get a good job, you meet the person you love, you win a big prize, and then you are happy"可知,普遍观点认为幸福是好事降临在你身上之后才会获得的。因此正确答案为B。
37. A
【解析】本题为细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句"Researchers from the University of California found that people who did this exercise reported better moods and more optimism after just three weeks",其中this exercise指前文提到的每天写下三件值得感恩的事,因此研究表明练习感恩能够提升幸福感。因此正确答案为A。
38. C
【解析】本题为细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句"Even small interactions, like having a cup of coffee with a friend or saying hello to a neighbor, can boost your mood and make you feel more connected to the world around you"可知,即使是小规模的线下互动也能提升情绪,增加幸福感。因此正确答案为C。
39. C
【解析】本题为细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句"A 2013 study found that people who spent money on others were happier than people who spent the same amount of money on themselves, even when their total income was low"可知,2013年的研究发现,把钱花在别人身上(帮助他人)的人比把钱花在自己身上的人更幸福。因此正确答案为C。
40. B
【解析】本题为主旨大意题。根据第一段最后一句"Scientific research over the past 20 years has shown that happiness is not a result of good things happening to us; it is a skill that we can build through small, daily habits",结合全文围绕三个提升幸福感的日常习惯展开,可知作者核心观点是:幸福是可以通过日常小习惯培养的技能。因此正确答案为B。
41. 正确答案:A
解析:根据原文第一段第二句"In the 1990s, work-life balance was primarily seen as a problem for working mothers, who were expected to juggle career responsibilities with childcare and housework"可知,20世纪90年代工作与生活平衡主要被视为职场母亲的问题,A选项符合原文表述。
42. 正确答案:B
解析:根据原文第一段最后一句"A 2023 survey by the International Labour Organization found that 68% of full-time workers around the world report feeling 'constantly overwhelmed' by the pressure..."可知,68%(超过三分之二)的全职劳动者对工作压力感到不堪重负,B选项符合原文数据和表述。
43. 正确答案:C
解析:根据原文第二段第二句"While remote work offers greater flexibility for many people, it has also blurred the line between work and personal life"可知,远程工作模糊了工作与个人生活的边界,这是其负面影响,C选项符合原文。
44. 正确答案:B
解析:根据原文第三段第二句"Many companies today promote a 'hustle culture' that celebrates long hours and constant productivity"可知,“奋斗文化”鼓励劳动者重视长时间工作和持续的生产力,B选项符合原文表述。
45. 正确答案:C
解析:根据原文最后一段"A 2022 study by the Society for Human Resource Management found that companies with strong work-life balance programs have 21% higher profit margins than their industry average"可知,重视工作与生活平衡的公司财务表现优于其他公司,C选项可以从原文推出。
46. 正确答案:B
解析:根据原文第一段第一句"Urban gardening, the practice of growing fruits, vegetables, and flowers in cities, has become increasingly popular across the globe over the past 15 years"可知,近15年来都市农业在全球范围内越来越受欢迎,B选项符合原文。
47. 正确答案:A
解析:根据原文第二段"A 2024 study published in the Journal of Urban Health found that people who participate in community gardening have a 20% lower risk of developing heart disease and a 14% lower risk of type 2 diabetes than people who do not garden"可知,参与社区园艺降低了患特定严重疾病的风险,A选项符合原文,D选项“治愈”表述错误,原文只说降低患病风险。
48. 正确答案:C
解析:根据原文第三段"In addition, plants in urban gardens absorb carbon dioxide from the air and help reduce the 'urban heat island effect'...A study from the University of Manchester found that community gardens can reduce local air temperatures by up to 2 degrees Celsius on hot summer days"可知,都市菜园通过吸收二氧化碳降低局部气温,缓解热岛效应,C选项符合原文。
49. 正确答案:C
解析:根据原文第四段"They also point out that many urban gardening projects are led by middle-class residents in gentrifying neighborhoods, and that they can contribute to rising property values that push low-income families out of the area"可知,批评者认为都市农业会推动绅士化,导致低收入居民被迫搬迁,C选项符合原文表述。
50. 正确答案:B
解析:根据原文最后一段"However, many urban gardening advocates respond that when projects are led by local community members and designed to serve low-income residents, they can help improve neighborhoods without causing displacement"可知,由本地低收入社区主导、为低收入居民服务的都市农业项目可以避免批评者提出的问题,B选项符合原文。
51. C
解析:根据第一段第二句话"Unlike many European countries where employees typically enjoy five to six weeks of paid vacation annually, the average American worker receives only two weeks of paid vacation a year." 可知,美国工人年均带薪年假为2周,因此C为正确选项。
52. B
解析:根据第二段第二句话"The early settlers of North America brought with them the Protestant work ethic, which emphasized hard work as a path to moral salvation and personal success." 可知,新教工作伦理强调努力工作是获得道德救赎和个人成功的途径,因此B为正确选项。
53. A
解析:根据第二段第三句话"Over time, this ethic merged with the modern capitalist emphasis on productivity and competition, creating a culture where long working hours are seen as a sign of ambition and dedication." 可知,在美国文化中,长时间工作被视为野心和奉献的标志,因此A为正确选项。
54. C
解析:根据第三段第三句话"The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated this trend, as millions of people worked from home and realized that they could be productive without spending 10 hours a day in the office." 可知,新冠疫情加速了人们寻求工作与生活平衡的趋势,因此C为正确选项。
55. B
解析:根据最后一段最后一句话"The debate over work and leisure in the United States reflects a deeper tension between the traditional value of hard work and the growing desire for personal happiness and quality of life." 可知,传统工作价值观和对更高生活质量的追求之间仍然存在矛盾,因此B为正确选项。A选项(努力工作文化完全消失)、C选项(所有美国公司都支持弹性工作)、D选项(在美国向上流动不再需要长时间工作)均与原文表述不符。
56. B
解析:根据第一段第二句话"When the term was first coined in the 1990s, it mainly referred to the gap between those who had home computers and internet access and those who did not." 可知,数字鸿沟这个术语最初指的是拥有电脑和互联网接入的人群与没有这些的人群之间的差距,因此B为正确选项。
57. D
解析:根据第二段内容,导致现代数字鸿沟的因素包括收入、教育和年龄,文中并未提到性别是影响因素,因此D为正确选项。
58. B
解析:根据第三段第二句话"During the COVID-19 pandemic, when most schools moved to online learning, students without high-speed internet or a dedicated device fell far behind their peers, widening the achievement gap between rich and poor students." 可知,疫情期间,数字鸿沟使得贫富学生之间的成绩差距进一步扩大,因此B为正确选项。
59. A
解析:根据第三段第三句话"In the job market, more and more positions require basic digital skills, so people without these skills are locked out of many well-paying jobs." 可知,没有数字技能的人无法获得许多高薪工作,因此A为正确选项。
60. B
解析:根据最后一段内容,政府缩小数字鸿沟的举措包括两个方面:在低收入和农村地区建设数字基础设施,以及为弱势群体提供数字素养培训,因此B为正确选项。