湛江专升本培训:英语《名词性从句》学习
名词性从句
在主从复合句中充当主语、宾语、表语和同位语的从句分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位 语从句。这些从句在句中所起的作用相当于名词在句中所起的作用,因此统称为名词性从句。名词性从句 的引导词有:连接词(that,whether,if) 、 连接代词、连接副词。
(1)连接词that,whether 和 if。
连接词 |
词义 |
在从句中所作成分 |
引导的从句类型 |
位置 |
that |
无词义 |
不充当任何语法成分 |
所有名同性从句 |
句首、句中、句末 |
whether |
是否 |
不充当任何语法成分 |
所有名同性从何 |
句首、句中、句末 |
if |
是否 |
不充当任何语法成分 |
主语从句、宾语从句 |
不可位于句首和介词之后 |
hat引导宾语从句时常常可以省略,但引导其他名词性从句时一般不能省略;whether和if引导名词性
从句时均不能省略。
I know(that)I rely too much on the computer,我知道自己过于依赖电脑。
I asked him whether/if he had done this thing by himself.我问他这件事是否是他自己做的。 连接词whether 和 if 在用法上的区别:
① 连 接 词whether 可以引导所有名词性从句;而if 主要引导动词后的 宾语从句和不在句首的主语从句,此时if 和 whether 可以互换。
Whether he is rich or not makes no difference.他富不富都没关系。
The question is whether the news is true.问题是消息是否属实。
I have not decided whether/ifl should invite her to my birthday party.
我还没决定是否该邀请她来参加我的生日派对。
It is doubtful whether/if he is innocent.他是否清白还很难说。
② whether 后可直接跟or(not), 此时不能用if 替代 whether。
I don't know whether or not she will come.我不知道她是否会来。
(2)连接代词。
连接代词 |
词义 |
在从句中所作成分 |
who |
谁(指人) |
作主语、宾语或表语 |
whom |
谁(指人) |
作宾语 |
whose |
谁的(指人或物) |
作主语、宾语、表语或定语 |
what |
什么, ……的事物 |
作主语、宾语、表语或定语 |
which |
哪一个,哪一些 |
作主语、宾语、表语或定语 |
whoever |
…的任何人, ……的那个人/那些人(指人) |
作主语、宾语或表语 |
whomever |
谁,无论谁(指人) |
作宾语 |
whatever |
任何事物 |
作主语、宾语、表语或定语 |
whichever |
……的那个/那些 |
作主语、宾语、表语或定语 |
连接代词本身有词义,在句中起连接作用,同时又在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等成分。
Mary does not realize what he is afraid of.
玛丽没有意识到他害怕的是什么。
Whoever runs the fastest will get the prize. 跑得最快的那个人会得到奖品。
(3)连接副词。
连接副词 |
词义 |
在从句中所作成分 |
when |
什么时候,何时 |
作时间状语 |
where |
……的地方,在哪里,到哪里 |
作地点状语 |
how |
如何,怎样 |
作方式状语 |
why |
为何,为什么, ……的原因 |
作原因状语 |
连接副词本身有词义,在句中起连接作用,同时又在从句中作状语。 She wants to know when you will finish your work.
她想知道你何时将完成自己的工作。
People do not understand why he did that then. 人们不明白他当时为什么那样做。
名词性从句一律用陈述句语序。如:
The thought that she might never see him again made her eyes filled with tears. 想到可能再也见不到他,她热泪盈眶。
Whether he can come to the party on time depends on the traffic. 他能否准时来参加聚会取决于交通状况。
None of us knows where this kind of book can be bought. 我们中谁也不知道在哪里可以买到这种书。
The real measure of success is how happy you are. 成功的真正标准是你的幸福程度。
1.主语从句
主语从句是在复合句中作主语的名词性从句,通常位于主句谓语动词之前。
考 点(1)主语从句通常由连接词、连接代词和连接副词引导。其中连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留 自己的含义,又起连接作用,并在从句中充当一定的语法成分。
①连接词that,whether,if。
that在从句中不充当任何语法成分,只起连接作用且无词义,但一般不能省略;whether, if 在从句中不充 当任何语法成分,起连接作用,且有“是否”的含义。
That the famous painter will hold an exhibition is certain.
那位著名画家要举办一场展览会是确定的。
Whether the research should be carried out is still a problem. 这项研究是否应该开展仍然是一个问题。
② 连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whomever,whatever,whichever。 What he feels hard is to master German in two months.
他觉得困难的是要在两个月内掌握德语。
③连接副词when,where,how,why。
When we should go to Lijiang for vacation remains to be discussed. 我们应当什么时候去丽江度假仍有待讨论。
考 点(2)在含有主语从句的复合句中,常用it 作形式主语,并将主语从句置于句末。常见的结 构有:
① It+be动词+过去分词/形容词/名词短语+主语从句。
It is reported that the temperature will decline sharply in the near future. 据报道,在不久的将来气温将大幅下降。
It was quite clear that he made you angry deliberately. 十分明显,他故意让你生气。
It is common knowledge that Mount Qomolangma is the world's hiahest peak.珠穆朗玛峰是世界第一高峰是常识。
② It+不及物动词+主语从句。
It doesn't matter whether he has lied or not. 他是否说谎了并不重要。
It suddenly occurred to me that I had made a big mistake. 我突然想到自己犯了一个大错。
③ It+及物动词+宾语+主语从句。
It makes no difference who you are.
你是谁并没有影响。
It struck me that we could hire new employees to help us. 我突然想到我们可以雇用新员工来帮我们。
④ It+be动词+介词短语+主语从句。
It is of great importance that we improve our own professional skills.
我们提升自己的专业技能是极为重要的。
2 . 宾语从 句
宾语从句是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句,通常位于动词(及物动词)或介词之后。
考 点 (1)宾语从句通常由连接词、连接代词和连接副词引导。
① 连接词that,whether,if。
that引导宾语从句时常常可以省略,但当一个句子中有多个并列的宾语 从句时,第一个从句中的 that可以省略,其后从句中的that往往不可以省略; whether,if 在从句中不充当任何语法成分,起连接作用,且有“是否”的含义。
He said(that)we were too young to understand the matter and that we should turn to our professor.
他说我们太年轻,还无法理解这件事,而且我们应该向我们的教授寻求指教。
I asked John whether/if someone had helped him with the housework.我问约翰是否有人帮他做了家务。
② 连接代词what,who,whom,which,whatever,whoever,whichever 等 。 I'll try to make up for what you have lost because of this.
我将尽力弥补你为此而失去的东西。
Tell me who/whom you associate with,and I will tell who you are. 告诉我你和谁交往,我将看出你是什么样的人。(观其友,知其人。)
③ 连接副词when,where,how,why。
I wonder why this television set didn't work. 我想知道这台电视机为什么不运转了。
(2)动词find,feel,think,consider,make,believe,suppose 等后接宾语补足语时,常用it 作形式宾语, 而将宾语从句置于宾语补足语之后。
We have made it clear that our purpose is to learn knowledge.
我们已经清楚地表明我们的目的是学习知识。
知识补给
动词doubt后面接宾语从句时,在肯定句中,一般接whether或证引导的宾语从句;在否定句和疑问包 中,常接that 引导的宾语从句。如:
I doubt whether/if they can swim across the river. 我不敢肯定他们能否游过河去。
She never doubted that she was wrong about the thing.她从未怀疑过自己在这件事上是错误的。 Do you doubt thal she can compete in the match?你认为她不一定能参加比赛吗?
3. 表语从句
表语从句是在复合句中作表语的名词性从句,通常位于连系动词之后,其后可接表语从句的连系动词 有:be,look,remain、seem等。使用表语从句的基本结构为:主语+连系动词+表语从句。表语从句的引导 词与主语从句的引导词大致一样。
① 连接词 that,whether。
Our plan is that we'll go there once a week. 我们的计划是我们每周将会去那里一次。
The problem is whether the new policy can be put into practice. 问题是新的政策能否被付诸实践。
②连接代词what,who,which,whatever,whoever 等。
Personal fame and fortune is what they're going after at present. 他们目前正在追求的是个人名利。
③ 连接副词when,where,how,why。
The question is how we can find an effective way to store the sun's heat. 问题是我们如何能找到一种有效的方法来储存太阳的热量。
知识补给
表语从句还可以用as if,as though,like,because引导,其常用结构为:
① I looks/seems...+as i/as though/like...。如 :
It looks/seems as if/as though/like you have got no experience. 看来你似乎没有经验。
②IV/This/That is/was/may be because….。如 :
He fell asleep in class.That may be because he didn't sleep well last night. 他在课堂上睡着了。那可能是因为他昨晚没有睡好。
4. 同 位语从句
同位语从句是在复合句中作同位语的名词性从句,用于解释说明其所修饰的名词(一般是抽象名词)的 具体内容。
常见的后面可跟同位语从句的名词有:advice, conclusion,chance,demand,doubt,evidence,fact,hope, idea,information,message,news,order,problem,promise,question,request,rumor,suggestion,thought, truth 等。
考 点
①连接词 that,whether。
that在同位语从句中不充当任何语法成分,只起连接作用且无词义,但不能省略;whether在同位语从句 中不充当任何语法成分,起连接作用,有“是否”的含义,也不能省略。
There is only a fifty-fifty chance that we will win the game. 我们会赢得比赛的可能性只占一半。
He made the suggestion that they go for a drive. 他建议他们开车去兜兜风。
The students asked me the question whether the book was worth reading.学生们问了我这本书是否值得阅读这个问题。
② 连接代词what,which,who。
The question who will be their new manager is still not clear. 谁会是他们的新经理这个问题尚不清楚。
③ 连接副词when,where,why,how。
The salesperson has no idea when the manager will return. 售货员不知道经理什么时候回来。
基 础 特 训
1. surprised all of us was that he canceled the meeting.
A.Which B.What C.It D.That
2.Excuse me,can you show me you operatethe machine?
A.what B.which C.how D.where
3.The reason why he has been such a success is _he never gives up.
A.what B.where C.how D.that
4. _makes life possible is water,which seems so simple and common.
A.What B.That C.Which D.How
5. the ancient Egyptians built the pyramids has puzzled people for centuries.
A.If B. What C.Which D.How
6.It was yesterday that she asked the question the new printer should be put.
A.what B.where C.which D.this 7.After the competition,Mary wrote a report on_ her team had failedto win the competition.
A.why B.what C.who D.which
8.There is no evidence housing prices will come down in the near future.
A.that B.which C.where D.as
9. those overseas students will go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.
A.If B.That C.Why D.Whether
10.The teacher's hope is her students can be inspired by the speech on success.
A.it B.whether C.that D.what
11.The news _our athletes won another gold medal was reported in yesterday's newspaper.
A.which B.if C.what D.that
12.John said _he would getup early to pick me up at the airport.
A.which B.whether C.why D.that
13.Only by reading carefully will we be able to fully understand the writer wants to tell us in the passage.
A.when B.what C.which D.where
14.We expressed the hope they would come and visit China again.
A.how B.that C.what D.which
15.—Do you know the students of this high school will visit the Capital Museum? —Next Friday.
A.when B.where C.whose D.what
16. the young man won't go there is clear to all of us—he wants to take a rest.
A.How B.What C.Why D.This
17.I have no idea or not he has finished the work.I will ask him this afternoon.
A.if B.that C.whether D.which
拔高特训
18. he often forgot their wedding anniversary greatly annoyed his wife.
A.All B.What C.Which
19.Along with the letter was his promise he would visit me this coming Christmas.
A.which B.whether C.that
20.See the flags on the top of the building?Those are _we made this morning.
A.what B.when C.which
D.That
D.what
D.that
21.We've been waiting here for so long.Have they announced ?
A.when is the plane to take off B.how is the plane to take off
C.when the plane is to take off D.how the plane is to take off 22.It is a rule in his family that comes home earliest should cook dinner.
A.anybody B.who C.whoever D.when
23.He didn't like the new job but decided to give himself a few months to see _he would adapt to it.
A.who B.that C.why D.if
24.It has been pointed out plays a vital role in driving out one's anxiety are one's sweet childhood memories.
A.what that B.what C.that D.that what
25.The beautiful mountain village we spent our holiday last summer is located in _was a wasteland once.
A.which;where B.where;what C.which;what D.when;which
1.B |
2.C 3.D |
4.A |
5.D |
6.B |
7.A |
8.A |
9.D |
10.C |
11.D |
12.D 13.B |
14.B |
15.A |
16.C |
17.C |
18.D |
19.C |
20.A |
21.C |
22.C 23.D 24.D 25.B |
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