雅思19Test1 Part4听力词汇及句式学习
Part 4▶
场景介绍
本节为一名考古学专业学生的演讲,内容为新石器时代的重要考古遗址——位于爱尔兰西北部的 赛尔德田野(Ceide Fields)。主讲人首先介绍了该遗址被发现并被考古学家探究的过程。随后详述了 新石器时代农民的生活方式,以及赛尔德田野在当地农业中的重要作用。最后谈到了导致这一地区农 业衰落的几方面原因。
必背词汇
archaeologist |
n.考古学家 |
sustain |
v.支持,维持 |
dig |
v . 掘 ( 地 ) , 挖 ( 土 ) |
extended family |
大家庭 |
traditional |
adj.传统的 |
structure |
n.建筑物 |
fuel |
n.燃料 |
shelter |
v.遮蔽,遮挡 |
well-preserved |
adj.保存良好的 |
productive |
adj.多产的,高产的 |
deficiency |
n.缺少,不足 |
beneath |
prep.在……下面 |
oxygen |
n.氧气 |
surface |
n.表面,表层 |
indoors |
adv.在室内,在屋里 |
once |
adv.曾经 |
pot |
n.罐,瓶 |
lack |
n.缺乏 |
fat |
n.动植物油 |
restrict |
v.限定,限制 |
lamp |
n.灯 |
house |
v.安置,供……居住 |
graze |
v. (牛羊等)吃草 |
decline |
n.下降,衰落 |
suitable |
adj.合适的 |
quality |
n.质量,品质 |
拓展词汇
Neolithic |
adj.新石器时代的 |
acidity |
n.酸性 |
bog |
n.沼泽 |
predecessor |
n.前辈,祖先 |
predate |
v(在日期上)早于,先于 |
permanent |
adj.固定的,永久的 |
subsequently |
adv.随后,其后 |
fragment |
n.碎片 |
probe |
n.探测器,探针 |
paddock |
n. (牧马的)小围场 |
carbon dating |
碳年代测定法,碳定年法 |
rotational |
adj.轮流的 |
remains |
n.遗迹,遗址 |
over-grazing |
n.过度放牧 |
decay |
v.腐烂,腐朽 |
cease |
v.停止,终止 |
accumulate |
v.积累,积聚 |
abruptly |
adv.突然地,意外地 |
layer |
n.层 |
intensive |
adj.集中的,密集的 |
文本解析
① He noticed that when local people were digging in the bog,they were constantly hiting against what seemed to be rows of stones.He realised that these must be walls and that they must be thousands of years old for them to predate the bog which subsequently grew over them.他发现当地人在沼泽地里 挖土时,经常会碰到一排排石头。他认为这些石头一定是城墙,而且已经有数千年的历史了, 早于后来在城墙上形成的沼泽。第一句中,what在介词against之后引导宾语从句。第二句中, 两个 that 在realise 之后各引导一个宾语从句。第一个宾语从句中的 these指代上一句的 stones
第二个宾语从句中,they和 them都指代 walls。which引导定语从句,修饰bog。grow over在这 里指“长满,覆盖”。
② It wasn't until 40 years later,when Patrick Caulfield's son Seamus,who had become an archaeologist by then,began to explore further.He inserted iron probes into the bog to map the formation of the stones,a traditional method which local people had always used for finding fuel buried in the bog for thousands of years.直到40年后,Patrick Caulfield的儿子Seamus才开始进一步探索,Seamus 当 时已经成为一名考古学家。他将铁探针插入沼泽来了解石头的构成,这是当地人几千年来一直 使用的、寻找埋在沼泽中的燃料的传统方法。“It wasn't until+时间状语”表示直到这一时间, 后面所说的动作才发生,强调动作发生的时间晚。who 引导非限定性定语从句,修饰Seamus。 第二句中的map 用作动词,意为“勘察,了解信息”。逗号后的名词短语a traditional method用 于对逗号前的整句话作进一步补充说明,which 引导定语从句,修饰method 。buried为过去分词 作后置定语,修饰 fuel。
③ A bog is 90 percent water;its soil is so saturated that when the grasses and heathers that grow on its surface die,they don't fully decay but accumulate in layers.沼泽90%都是水;其中的土壤浸透了水, 以至于生长在其表面的草和帚石楠死后不会完全腐烂,而是层层堆积起来。“so ..that.…”表示“如 此……以至于……”。when引导时间状语从句。that引导定语从句,修饰grasses and heathers 。 saturated是形容词,意为“湿透的,浸透的”。
④As they lived in permanent settlements,Neolithic farmers were able to build bigger houses.These weren't round as people often assume,but rectangular with a small hole in the roofthat allowed smoke to escape.由于新石器时代的农民有固定的定居地,他们可以建造更大的房屋。和人们普遍的认 知不同,这些房屋并不是圆形的,而是长方形的。屋顶上有一个小洞,可以让烟雾排出。第一 句中的As意为“由于,因为”。第二句中的These 指代前一句的bigger houses,第二句中的 as 意为“正如,如同”。that引导定语从句,修饰 hole。
⑤ Thepots were used for many things;as well as for storing food,pots were filled with a small amount of fat and when this was set alight,they served as lamps.罐子有很多用途,除了用来储存食物外,还 可以在罐子中倒入少量的油,点燃后就成了灯。set alight意为“点燃”。serve as 的意思是“用 作……,当……使用”。
⑥ This must have been a year-round activity as no structures have been found which would have been used to shelter animals in the winter.这(放牧)一定是全年都在进行,因为目前还没有发现在冬 季为动物提供庇护的场所。must have been表示对过去发生的事情的推测。as在这里是“因为, 由于”的意思。which引导定语从句,修饰structures。
⑦ The crop rotation system was partly responsible for this as it would have been very intensive and was not sustainable.庄稼轮作是造成这种情况的部分原因,因为轮作是非常集约化的,而且不可持续。 be responsible for sth.意为“是造成某事的原因”。would have done 在这里用来表示对过去的情 况进行推测。