雅思13 Test2 Section4必背词汇/词汇拓展/疑难解析
必背词汇
series
n.系列
factual
adj.客观事实的
episodic
adj.情节的；由片段组成的
previous
adj.之前的，早先的
mentally
adv.精神上，心理上
encode
v.编码
distinct
adj.差异的，区分的
consolidation
n.巩固，加强
semantic
adj.语义的
retrieval
n.收回，挽回
initial
adj.最初的，初始的
visual
adj.视觉的
register
v.登记，注册
prompt
n.提示，催促
recollection
n.回忆，追忆
neurological
adj.神经学的
stabilise
v.稳定，稳固
autism
n.孤独症
facilitate
v.帮助，促进
impairment
n.损害，损伤
indefinitely
adv.无限期地；不明确地
profound
adj.深远的，严重的
frequency
n.频率，频次
symptom
n.症状
fade
v.消退，逐渐褪去
reasonably
adv.合理地，明智地
conscious
adj.有意识的；自觉的
medication
n.药物
olfactory
adj.嗅觉的
intimate
adj.亲密的，亲近的
auditory
adj.听觉的
absence
n.缺乏，缺少
词汇拓展
behave
v.行为，行动
mental
adj.精神的，内心的
behavioural
adj.行为的
moral
adj.道德的，道义的
conflict
n.冲突，矛盾
optimism
n.乐观，乐观主义
cure
v.治疗，治愈
personality
n.个性
diagnosis
n.诊断，判断
psychological
adj.心理上的，心理学的
frustration
n.挫折，挫败
variation
n.差异
gender
n.性别
well-being
n.幸福；福利
疑难解析
1. Episodic memories include various details about these events, for example, when an event happened and other information such as the location.情节记忆包括事件的各种细节，比如发生的时间以及地点等其他信息。
2. To build upon a previous example, remembering where you parked your car is an example of episodic memory, but your understanding of what a car is and how an engine works are examples of semantic memory.（情节记忆）建立于之前已有的经验，记得把车停在哪里是一种情节记忆，但知道什么是车以及引擎的工作原理是什么是语义记忆。
3． Unlike episodic memory， semantic memory isn＇t dependent on recalling personal experiences．不像情节记忆，语义记忆不依赖于个人经历的回顾。
4.Consolidation is most effective when the information being stored can be linked to an existing network of information.当存储的信息和已经存在的信息网络能够联系起来的时候，记忆的保持会非常有效。consolidation一词字面含义为“增强”，在神经学领域对记忆步骤的定义中，将该概念译为“保持”。
5. These help episodic memory retrieval by acting as a prompt. For example, when recalling where you parked your car you may use the color of a sign close to where you parked.这些（指代嗅觉的、听觉的、视觉的因素）作为一种提示，可以帮助情节记忆修复。比如，在回忆你把车停在哪里时，你可能会用到停车位附近标识上的颜色。
6.There are a wide range of neurological diseases and conditions that can affect episodic memory. These range from Alzheimer's to schizophrenia to autism. An impairment of episodic memory can have a profound effect on individuals' lives. For example, the symptoms of schizophrenia can be reasonably well controlled by medication; however, patients' episodic memory may stil be impaired and so they are often unable to return to university or work.有许多神经学疾病和相关问题会影响情节记忆，包括阿尔茨海默症、精神分裂症、孤独症。情节记忆的损害会对个人生活造成巨大影响。比如，精神分裂症的症状可以由药物合理控制，但病人的情节记忆依然受损，往往导致他们无法上学和工作。
7. Episodic memories can help people connect with others, for instance by sharing intimate details about their past; something individuals with autism often have problems with. This may be caused by an absence of a sense of self.情节记忆可以有效帮助人们与他人建立联系，比如和别人分享过去经历中的细节，这正是孤独症患者存在问题的方面。这可能是由自我感知的缺失造成的。sense of self应理解为“自我感知”而非“自我认知”。
