雅思写作第1课学术大作文议论篇
You should spend about 40 minutes on this task. You should write at least 250 words.
Present a written argument to an educated reader with no specialist knowledge of the following topic:
In many cities and all over the world, there is a serious shortage of water supplies. What are the causes of and solutions to the scarcity of water resource?
Use your own ideas, knowledge and experience and support your argument with examples and relevant evidence.
主题和结构分析
这是一道探讨“水资源缺乏”的作文题。在许多城市以及世界各地，人们都面临着严重的水资源短缺问题。根据题目要求，可以在主体段分别探讨这个现象的原因并提供适当的解决方法。
关键词汇分析
shortage：短缺
写作实例：Because of the acute post-war shortage of construction materials，private building was severely restricted.
scarcity：匮乏
写作实例：The scarcity of skilled workers in almost every sector of the economy is worrying the government.
resource：资源
写作实例：First published in 1927， the charts remain an indispensable resource for researchers.
范文
One of the most pressing problems the world has witnessed in recent decades is a serious shortage of water supplies in many cities. In my opinion, various factors have led to the diminishing of this vital resource, but all of them can be connected to human activities.
The most obvious reason is the growing trend of overpopulation in major cities around the world. With their population skyrocketing to an unprecedented level of over 10million in some giant cities such as Tokyo, Shanghai and Mexico City, the urban infrastructure is often hard-pressed to cope with the problem of providing clean water to city dwellers. Moreover, in an attempt to provide adequate food supplies to their huge populations,many developing countries are undergoing a large-scale agricultural expansion that requires significantly more water resources for irrigation and livestock farming than before. Also, water as an essential component of their production is increasingly demanded by various industries, such as fabric, chemistry and manufacturing. Other reasons that result in a global dearth of water supplies include rampant deforestation, encroaching desertification and contamination of rivers, lakes and underground water.
Faced with this daunting challenge, the first priority is for governments to adjust their economic policies, promote sustainable development and stop damaging the natural environment. Besides, Third World countries need to launch nationwide campaigns to advocate the benefits of birth control and educate citizens on the use of contraceptive devices. Also, the public's ecological awareness should be raised to a higher level where people of all ages can understand the utmost importance of preserving natural resources and switch accordingly to more environmentally friendly ways of life. In addition,every family can be encouraged to reuse water within the household. For example, inmost Asian societies where rice is the staple food, the water used after cleansing rice contains various nutrients for plant growth and is an excellent detergent to flush the toilet. Furthermore, the intriguing idea of converting the inexhaustible sea water to fresh water supplies will be the ultimate solution.
In conclusion, after tracing the causes of water scarcity to human activities, it is evident that mankind should undertake the sole responsibility for conserving water resources for its own survival. After all, from a scientific point of view,water is an indispensable agent for various physical functions and constitutes about 65% of every human body.
布局清晰 观点鲜明
Introduction 进行“重述”
近几十年来，世界上最为紧迫的问题之一就是许多城市的水资源短缺问题。
One of the most pressing problems the world has witnessed in recent decades is a serious shortage of water supplies in many cities.
Introduction 提出“中心论点”
依我来看，导致这种重要资源日益减少的因素是多种多样的，但是所有这些因素都与人类的活动有关。
In my opinion, various factors have led to the diminishing of this vital resource,but all of them can be connected to human activities.
Main Body 1提出“论点一”
其中最明显的原因是世界各地主要城市日趋严重的人口过剩现象。
The most obvious reason is the growing trend of overpopulation in major cities around the world.
支持论据一：
随着诸如东京、上海和墨西哥城等巨型城市的人口激增到史无前例的1000万以上，其城市基础设施常常难以解决给城市居民提供清洁水源的问题。
With their population skyrocketing to an unprecedented level of over 10 million in some giant cities such as Tokyo, Shanghai and Mexico City, the urban infrastructure is often hard-pressed to cope with the problem of providing clean water to city dwellers.
Main Body 1提出“论点二”
另外，为给庞大的人口供应足够的食物，许多发展中国家正在进行大规模的农业扩建，而需要用于灌溉和畜牧业的水资源比过去大大增加。
Moreover, in an attempt to provide adequate food supplies to their huge populations, many developing countries are undergoing a large-scale agricultural expansion that requires significantly more water resources for irrigation and livestock farming than before.
Main Body 1提出“论点三”
而水作为生产过程中一个关键的要素，其在各行各业的需求量不断增长，例如纺织、化工和制造业。
Also, water as an essential component of their production is increasingly demanded by various industries, such as fabric, chemistry and manufacturing.
Main Body 1提出“论点四”
其他引起全球水资源匮乏的因素包括猖狂的乱砍滥伐、沙漠化的侵蚀以及河流、湖泊和地下水的污染。
Other reasons that result in a global dearth of water supplies include rampant deforestation,encroaching desertification and contamination of rivers, lakes and underground water.
Main Body 2提出“论点五”
面对如此严峻的挑战，各国政府的当务之急是调整经济政策、推广可持续性发展以及停止破坏自然环境。
Faced with this daunting challenge, the first priority is for governments to adjust their economic policies, promote sustainable development and stop damaging the natural environment.
Main Body2提出“论点六”
此外，第三世界国家需要发起全国性的运动来宣传计划生育的好处，并教育公民如何使用避孕工具。
Besides, Third World countries need to launch nationwide campaigns to advocate the benefits of birth control and educate citizens on the use of contraceptive devices.
Main Body 2提出“论点七”
公众的生态意识也应该提升到一个新的高度，男女老少都能理解保护自然资源的重要性，并相应地使自己的生活方式变得更为环保。
Also, the public's ecological awareness should be raised to a higher level where people of all ages can understand the utmost importance of preserving natural resources and switch accordingly to more environmentally friendly ways of life.
Main Body 2提出“论点八”
还有，我们可以鼓励每个家庭在家居生活中进行“一水多用”。
In addition, every family can be encouraged to reuse water within the household.
支持论据二：
比如，在绝大多数以大米为主食的亚洲国家，淘米水不但含有植物生长的多种养料，而且是冲洗马桶的绝佳清洁剂。
For example, in most Asian societies where rice is the staple food, the water used after cleansing rice contains various nutrients for plant growth and is an excellent detergent to flush the toilet.
Main Body 2提出“论点九”
另外，把取之不尽的海水转变成淡水的诱人想法将会是解决水资源缺乏的最终途径。
Furthermore, the intriguing idea of converting the inexhaustible sea water to fresh water supplies will be the ultimate solution.
Conclusion 进一步深化“中心论点”
总之，在追踪水资源缺乏现象的原因，并发现是人类行为在作祟之后，人类为了自己的生存显然应该承担起保护水资源的责任。
In conclusion, after tracing the causes of water scarcity to human activities, it is evident that mankind should undertake the sole responsibility for conserving water resources for its own survival.
Conclusion 指出“科学事实”
毕竟，从科学的角度来说，水是各种生理活动中必不可少的物质，并构成了65％的人体组织。
After all, from a scientific point of view, water is an indispensable agent for various physical functions and constitutes about 65% of every human body.
词藻丰富 表达精彩
pressing 紧迫的：one of the most pressing problems in the world
diminish 减少：the diminishing of this vital resource
overpopulation 人口过剩：the growing trend of overpopulation in major cities
unprecedented 史无前例的：skyrocketing to an unprecedented level
hard-pressed 困难重重的：be hard-pressed to cope with the problem
dweller 居民：provide clean water to city dwellers
undergo 经历、进行：undergo a large-scale agricultural expansion
livestock 牲畜：require more water resources for livestock farming
component 要素、组成部分：an essential component of their production
dearth 缺少、匮乏： result in a global dearth of water supplies
deforestation 砍伐森林：rampant deforestation
desertification 沙漠化：encroaching desertification
daunting 严峻的、可怕的：be faced with this daunting challenge
sustainable 持续的、持久的：promote sustainable development
launch 发起、发动：launch nationwide campaigns
advocate 宣传：advocate the benefits of birth control
contraceptive 避孕的：educate citizens on the use of contraceptive devices
ecological 生态的：raise the public＇s ecological awareness to a higher level
utmost 极端的、最大的：the utmost importance of preserving natural resources
switch 转变、扭转：switch to more environmentally friendly ways of life
reuse 反复使用：reuse water with in the household
nutrient 养料、养分：contain various nutrients for plant growth
detergent 清洁剂：an excellent detergent to flush the toilet
inexhaustible 取之不尽的：convert the inexhaustible sea water to fresh water
trace 追踪、追查：trace the causes of water scarcity to human activities
conserve 保护：undertake the sole responsibility for conserving water resources
indispensable 必不可少的：an indispensable agent for physical functions
constitute 构成、形成：constitute about 65% of every human body
