托福口语第4题教材Integrated Speaking
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托福口语考试第4题
TOEFL SPEAKING TESTING NO.4：Integrated Speaking
Unit 1
Please listen carefully
English Language
Now read the passage about English language. You have 45 seconds to read the passage.Begin reading now.
READING TIME: 45 SECONDS
In an ideal world we would all be able to communicate with each other without fear of being misunderstood. One of the possible ways to accomplish this far-fetched idea is for everyone to speak a common language. The language most frequently proposed, for good or bad, has been English. On the other side of the coin, others feel that this would oppress immigrants and subjugate minorities by insisting on using Standard English.
Now listen to part of a lecture on this topic in a linguistic class.
Narrator: The reading passage and the listening passage are about the English languag Explain what the professor thinks about the academic acceptance of a vernacular English.
PREPARATION TIME: 30 SECONDS
PESPONSE TIME: 60 SECONDS
Unit 2
Please listen carefully
Is Air Matter?
Now read the passage about air and matter. You have 45 seconds to read the passage.Begin reading now.
READING TIME: 45 SECONDS
If you can't see it, does it exist? This is an age old question that many people, mainly scientists and researchers have gone to great lengths to prove or disprove. Along these same lines, we can ask another tricky question. Is air matter? It took humankind countless years to figure out that air existed, let alone that it was matter. In fact, it was only in recent human history that we figured out anything at all about air. Proving that air is matter is like answering our age old question where we cannot see the object, but we still need to define what it's made up of and prove that it exists by using indirect evidence. To make things easier for us, matter has been defined as something that occupies space, is affected by gravity and has weight.
Now listen to part of a lecture on this topic in a physics class.
Narrator: The reading passage and the listening passage deal with the question regarding air being matter. Explain how the professor proves that air is indeed matter.
PREPARATION TIME: 30 SECONDS
PESPONSE TIME: 60 SECONDS
Unit 4
Please listen carefully
Objectivity in Journalism
Now read the passage about objectivity in journalism. You have 45 seconds to read the passage. Begin reading now.
READING TIME: 45 SECONDS
Objectivity can be defined as expressing or dealing with facts or conditions as perceived without distortion by personal feelings, prejudices, or interpretations. On the other hand, the dictionary that the media uses seems to define it as a means of standing so far from the community that you see all events and all viewpoints as equally important, or in some cases unimportant. The media deals with objectivity by giving equal weight to all viewpoints. In the end, it is a presentation of facts in a true unbiased manner. In turn,the reader is left to decide which view is factual.
Now listen to part of a lecture on this topic in a journalism class.
Narrator: The reading passage and the listening passage are about the idea of objectivity in the media. How does the professor explain how the media incorporates objectivity into their reporting system?
PREPARATION TIME: 30 SECONDS
PESPONSE TIME: 60 SECONDS
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Unit 4
Please listen carefully
Human Genome Project
Now read the passage about Human Genome Project. You have 45 seconds to read the passage. Begin reading now.
READING TIME: 45 SECONDS
At the outset of genetics research, the ideal was to build the perfect human without disease or fault. However, as the idea of a master race* emerged, scientific interests put an end to the idea of the human genome. Soon, the entire field of human genetics was regarded immoral. The reason behind this was not that it was wrong, but because of the way it was developed. Unfortunately, the regime was more intent on perfecting what it believed to be the ultimate in human evolution, instead of improving humanity. In the end , the research and potential to make real positive changes in humankind was destroyed.
·A people who consider themselves to be superior to other races and therefore suited to rule over them.Now listen to part of a lecture on this topic in a biology class.
Narrator: The reading passage and the listening passage are about the Human Genome Project. Explain what the professor thinks about this highly charged topic.
PREPARATION TIME: 30 SECONDS
PESPONSE TIME: 60 SECONDS
Unit 5
Please listen carefully
Animal Rights Group
Now read the passage about animal rights group. You have 45 seconds to read the passage. Begin reading now.
READING TIME: 45 SECONDS
Generally speaking, advocates of animal rights usually have their hearts set on boycotting numerous industries that use animals. The first in line among these is the farming industry, which produces the majority of meat, milk and eggs in industrialized countries. For this reason, the vast majority of animal rights advocates take on vegetarian diets that contain no meat or vegan* diets which contain no animal products at all. Animal rights advocates also stay away from wearing fur and leather, as these products come from animals killed for their skin.
* vegan : A vegetarian who eats plant products only , especially one who uses no products derived from animals,as fur or leather.
Now listen to part of a lecture on this topic in a sociology class.
Narrator: The reading passage and the listening passage are about animal rights groups.
Explain the professor's talk on such advocacy groups.
Unit 6
Please listen carefully
Romanticism
Now read the passage about romanticism. You have 45 seconds to read the passage. Begin reading now.
READING TIME: 45 SECONDS
Romanticism was a movement in the arts that flourished in the late 18th and early 19th centuries in Western Europe. It's difficult to actually pinpoint a single definition, but it stressed strong emotion, imagination, freedom from classical notions of art form, and the overturning of previous social conventions, particularly the position of the upper classes.Romanticism is commonly viewed as the antithesis of classicism and the two concepts are sometimes used to show the extreme differences in attitude that may be seen in the art of any age. At the same time, both forms share a concern for the ideal rather than the real.Now listen to part of a lecture on this topic in a literature class.
Narrator: The reading passage and the listening passage are about the late 18th and early 19th century historical art movement known as Romanticism. Explain the professor's talk on this movement.
PREPARATION TIME: 30 SECONDS
PESPONSE TIME: 60 SECONDS
Unit 7
Please listen carefully
Vegetarianism
Now read the passage about new types of vegetarianism. You have 45 seconds to read the passage. Begin reading now.
READING TIME: 45 SECONDS
Pesco-and pollo-vegetarianisms are fairly new words coined to describe certain people's lifestyles that restrict their diet. Most commonly, these include the practice of not eating certain types of meat while allowing others, such as seafood and chicken. For most of these vegetarians, there are usually no restrictions on non-flesh animal products such as dairy and eggs. Those people who choose this special diet often do so for health reasons although many also practice for ethical or religious reasons as well.
Now listen to part of a lecture on this topic in a health and food class.
Narrator: The reading passage and the listening passage are about different types of vegetarian diets. Explain the professor's talk on such diets.
PREPARATION TIME: 30 SECONDS
RESPONSE TIME: 60 SECONDS
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LISTENING RECORDING
Unit 1
Listening Script
Professor: We've been discussing linguistics for quite some time now so I want to introduce a fairly new dialect called Ebonics. This term comes from the word ebony, which is a tree which has black wood, and has become a colloquial term for African American Vernacular English. Ebonics was first coined in 1973, but it wasn't until the late 1990's that it actually became widely known when it became a controversial topic in America, mainly over its linguistic status. It was around this time that a school board in California wanted to have Ebonics declared as a language or dialect. What happened next came as a shock for some, as African-American parents became especially outspoken in arguing that to allow students to regard street slang or Ebonics as legitimate at school was to limit them and worsen their oppressed status.
In essence, these parents dismissed it as nothing more than bad English. People who were for Ebonics. being used in an educational setting believed that their proposals had been seriously misunderstood by the general public. These supporters believed that Ebonics education would benefit African-American.
Unit 2
Listening Script
Professor: Okay class, so is air matter? In order to answer that question we can conduct our own little experiment right here in class. Right, first you need two balloons. Next you need to blow up one of the balloons. As you fill one balloon with air, it gets bigger, right? Well, the balloon expanded because air takes up space, so half of our proof is complete. Tie the balloon closed so it stays inflated and blow up the other balloon because you will need it for the next part of our experiment.
We can demonstrate that the air in the balloon has mass by building a balance. For this, we will need a meter stick, tape, string and a sharp needle. Okay... now.. take some of the string and tie one end to the middle of the meter stick. Take the other end of the string and tape it to the top of your desk. Tie a section of string to each balloon. Alright, on one balloon, make an "X" with two pieces of tape. Next, take the balloons and tie one at each end of the meter stick. Make sure the meter stick is balanced by moving the balloons. If one of the balloons changes mass, we will be able to tell because the meter stick will slant towards the heavier balloon. In order to prove this, take the needle and very carefully poke a hole in the centre of the taped X. Now... keep in mind that you don't want to pop the balloon... you just want to make a hole so that the air will leak out. The tape should prevent the balloon from popping.
Right... if all went well, one balloon lost its air in a very slow fashion. The end of the meter stick with the deflated balloon should have risen into the air. It did this because there was less mass in the balloon after it deflated. In other words, the balloon lost mass because the air that was inside it has mass. With this experiment you have shown that air takes up space and has mass. In a nutshell, you proved that air is in fact matter.
Unit 3
Listening Script
Professor: Right, class, we've been discussing how the media handles objectivity. In order for the media to be objective, they don't run around gathering and interpreting news for their readers. They ... um... instead,decide what they actually put in the paper. Let me explain this further... well... They divide equally what they are going to write about for cach group and then spread out their resources as evenly as possible. Some opponents of this method argue that objectivity is well ... impossible to achieve even if equal lines in the paper or news on TV are given to each group and the resources have been equally distributed. These critics feel that writing and reporting from a neutral or impartial point of view is the better way to go.
Journalists are not machines, so being completely objective is impossible. That being said, a journalist may not like certain groups, but must understand the need to report about all groups and organizations that have an impact on the community. In other words, journalists have to put personal feelings and beliefs aside when dealing with the news. To overcome a certain bias, journalists prefer to present the facts and provide a balanced view of both sides of a story.
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Unit 4
Listening Script
Professor: I just have a few final thoughts on the Human Genome Project. Today there is a lot of restrictive control over the human genome . However , there is an opportunity to do good . First and foremost ummm ...there is the possibility to use the benefits from the Human Genome Project such as the elimination of hundreds of diseases and disorders like Parkinson's disease and multiple sclerosis that affect human life every day . On the other side of the coin there is also the potential for evil . Ummm ... in the wrong hands ,this project could allow someone to mold who and what humanity becomes. Although there have been countless studies of not only the ethics, but the practicality of genetic engineering as well, none of them can be called decisive or conclusive, because there is nothing of any scientific value in partial studies.
Ummm ... let me explain further. Thanks to governmental restrictions, as well as those of the scientific community in general, cloning is something of a taboo. It is not talked about openly because many of the research facilities are afraid of losing whatever funding they get from public and private sectors that might not approve this sort of research.
Unit 5
Listening Script
Professor: Good morning class. We've been talking a lot recently about different advocacy groups and today I would like to continue that trend by talking about animal advocacy groups. These groups feel passionate about allowing animals the freedom to live their own lives unharmed and unaffected by people. In fact, they are totally against humans using animals for food, clothing, or experimentation. They are also against the idea of using animals as a form of entertainment such as those found in zoos, marine parks and circuses because the animals are confined, don't receive enough exercise and cannot express natural behaviors as they do in the wild. They also argue that animals that are used in circuses are subjected to the additional stresses of being trained and required to perform tricks that are unnatural to them. Beginning in the 1980s,the animal rights movement took a hard stand against the fur industry.
Opponents feel that animal rights activists are annoying and even a danger to public safety. They are trying to bring light to some of the dark sides of various animal rights advocacy groups . They claim that some extremist advocacy groups go so far as setting off fire bombs outside private homes, damaging cars with acid, eggs, and paint, mailing fake explosive devices to employees of research firms, and littering neighborhoods and schoolyards with pamphlets.
Unit 6
Listening Script
Professor: Good morning class. Right, to conclude our lengthy discussion of art ummm... and its many well...influences I wanted to end with perhaps the most beautiful form of expression and that is Romanticism.As opposed to neoclassical artists that typically stressed ideas such as duty and stoicism, romantic artists often chose subjects that were wild, exotic, or mysterious. One of the basic thoughts of Romanticism is the belief in the natural goodness of humankind. That is the idea that humans, in a state of nature, would behave well but are unfortunately hindered by civilization. The Romantics believed that the hindrance came from the urban life and materialism which generates fear and distrust in the world. Along those same lines, the Romantics thought highly of most things old-fashioned and that childhood is good. The emotions inspired by both beliefs caused their hearts to soar. The idea of humankind's natural goodness and the stress on emotion also contributed to the development of Romantic individualism, that is, the belief that what is special in someone is to be valued over what is represented by a civil society. The Romantics believed in wishing for the unattainable. For example, unlike the classic hero who battles the enemy and comes out victorious, the Romantic hero never tackles the enemy head on, but still reaches the goal.
Unit 7
Listening Script
Professor: Good morning class, we've been discussing food and different ways of staying healthy over that past couple of weeks. This morning, I wanted to continue our discussion by bringing in two fairly recent terms called pesco-vegetarianism and pollo-vegetarianism. Both words get their meanings from Latin words. Pesco meaning fish and ummm ... pollo meaning chicken are both used as prefixes and are attached to the root word vegetarian . As a vegetarian is one who eats vegetables but not animal products , a pesco-vegetarian eats fish and vegetables but may not eat other meats or animal products, and a pollo-vegetarian allows flesh, like chicken, into their diet.
People who eat animal flesh like meat, fish and chicken are not considered to be vegetarians however, as the health benefits of a vegetarian dict become more accepted, many people are reducing or eliminating animal products. For example, they may eat fish and chicken but not red meat such as beef,pork and lamb, or they may eat meat in small amounts like a few times a month. It's very common these days to see vegetarian meals offered at many restaurants with some going all the way and specializing in only vegetarian food and in many cases the vegetables are organic .
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