专插本词汇语法考前冲刺九解释笔记

1、neither{两者都不}“都不”；any“一些/任何/几个”{否定句/疑问句}；some“一些/几个”{肯定句}；有这个疑问句用{some}Would you like some...？；either{两者中其中一者}“或者/任意一个”；all{三者或以上都}“都”；both{两者都}“都”；none{三者或以上都不}“都不”；neither{否定词}-none{否定词}；双重否定就是肯定；I haven’t seen either of them.两个都没看到。=I have seen neither of them.；have/has+过去分词{现在完成时}；see-saw-seen

2、return-returned-returned返回；find-found-found发现；已经有谓语了，那么其他的动词就叫做非谓语：动词ing{主动：现在/经常性}，过去分词ed{被动}和to do sth{主动：将来}；非谓语+宾语{主动：ing“现在/经常性”，to do sth“主动：将来”}；had+过去分词{谓语：过去完成时}：主动；had+been+过去分词：{谓语：过去完成时被动语态}；动词原形/动词+s/es{谓语：主动}；过去式ed{作谓语时：主动}；过去分词ed{作非谓语时：后置定语作被动【被动后面不能直接带宾语】“后置定语就是放在被修饰名词后来修饰前面的名词”}；现在分词ing{作非谓语时：后置定语作主动【主动后面直接带宾语】}

3、because of+名词“由于/因为”；complexity“复杂性n.”；非谓语：现在分词+宾语{现在分词ing就是非谓语：主动“主动后面直接跟宾语”-经常性/习惯性}；非谓语：过去分ed{过去分词ed就是作非谓语：被动“被动后面不能直接跟宾语”}；非谓语：to do sth{to do就是非谓语后面直接跟宾语：主动-将来}；非谓语：to be+过去分词{就是非谓语被动结构-后面不能直接跟宾语-表示将来的被动}；主动的非谓语：doing sth{习惯性/经常性}；非谓语to do sth{将来}：to have done sth“非谓语主动完成{含有将来完成结构}”；动名词/现在分词ing“可以作名词”；形容词变副词一般加ly；have/has+过去分词{现在完成时“作谓语”：主动-后面直接跟宾语}；need sb. to do sth{主动“经常性/习惯性”}.--need sb. to have done sth.{主动完成}

4、be+过去分词{作谓语}：被动语态；副词ly用来修饰动词/形容词/副词{修饰一般位于前面}；...人+who+谓语动词...

5、quite非常{副词}；固定搭配：be familiar with“熟悉”；be acquainted with“相识/知道”；face“脸孔”

6、固定搭配：call sb. sth. “称某人为......”；形容词修饰名词=sth

7、定语从句关系词：介词+which；介词：during“在......期间”{at，with，by，in，on，for}；定语从句关系词有：when“时间”，where，which“事物”，that“人/事物”，who“人”，why“原因”，whose直接加名词；in which=where“代替地点/领域/系统/环境”

8、介词引导的是后置定语或状语；more than=over超过；分词不能作谓语{现在分词/过去分词}，分词作非谓语；to do sth也是非谓语；动词原形“现在”{除了三单以外}-动词s/es“现在”{三单}-过去式“过去”【作谓语】；第一人称I/we，第二人称you，除了这三个单词以外就是第三人称

9、虚拟语气：If+主语+过去式...，...would do sth；if+主语+had+过去分词...，...would/should/could have done sth....；If I were you，I would do it.=Were I you，I would do it. If I had finished it，I would have gone there.=Had I finished it，I would have gone there. If I finished it，I would go there.=Did I finish it，I would go there. If“如果.......的话”=Supposing“假设”{虚拟}

10、固定搭配：part of前不能加冠词；A and B{复数}；A with B{介词当不存在}；A as well as B{看A}；either A or B{谓语看B：就近原则}；neither A nor B{谓语看B：就近原则}；both A and B{复数形式}“两者都”

11、is/am-was{过去式}；are-were{过去式}；the government“指政府中的成员”所以就用复数

12、problems faced面临的问题=problems that are faced：被动

13、固定搭配：on demand需求

14、强调句：形容词/副词/否定词/Only/Not/So+一般疑问句结构“倒装”

15、固定搭配：be aware of...“意识到......”{作谓语}

16、固定搭配：remember to do sth“记得做某事”{还没做}；remember doing sth记得做过某事{做过了而且还记得/做过了但是忘了}；forget to do sth忘记做某事{还没做}；forget doing sth忘记做过某事{做过了但是忘了}

17、时态一致；know+宾语/know that+从句.../know+从句...【that引导从句“没有意义”可用可不用，也就是可以单做不存在】；how问的就是方式；improve“提高”--如何提高

18、名词性从句：what you do=how you do it，where you do it，when you do it；what作主语：what happens；what作宾语：what you do；名词性从句作句子的主语， 那么谓语动词就用三单{is/was，动词e/es，has三单}；have/has+过去分词{现在完成时}-现在完成时：for+时间段，since+时间点，since+主语+谓语过去式

19、potential潜在的；unknown不可知的；secret秘密的；unlimited无限制的

20、虚拟：would have done sth本来就做某事[If I had finished it“过去完成时”，I would have done it. / If I finished it yesterday“有过去时间”，I would have done it.]；should have done sth本来应该做某事；could have done sth本来能够做某事

21、as if引导虚拟语气；if引导虚拟用would

22、take in欺骗；take down记下

23、缺少谓语；谓语：现在式动词原形/三单s或es；谓语过去式：过去式“主动”；分词不能作谓语；was/were doing作谓语{过去进行时“主动”}；is/am/are doing作谓语{现在进行时}；is/am/are/was/were+过去分词作谓语{被动语态}；have/has+过去分词作谓语{现在完成时}；had+过去分词作谓语{过去完成时}；注意：意思为“发生”只能用主动不能用被动；take place=happen=occur发生；现在进行时is/am/are+doing{现在正在做某事}；过去进行时was/were doing{过去某时刻做的事情/过去某时候}；过去做的事情{没有某时候/某时刻}用一般过去时{主语+过去式}

24、such as例如{such as+名词，不能加从句}；like例如{like+名词，不能加从句}；for example=for instance例如{加句子}；with“因为”；as{as不是介词}不能跟which；such+名词{这样......}；so+形容词；such+形容词+名词...that+从句...；so+形容词{后面不能带名词}...that+从句...

25、固定搭配hand out分发；hand down传给后人；hand on传下来；hold on保持/别挂断

26、省略if的虚拟：用一般疑问句结构；If+主语+过去式...，...would do sth；if+主语+had+过去分词...，...would/should/could have done sth....；If I were you，I would do it.=Were I you，I would do it. If I had finished it，I would have gone there.=Had I finished it，I would have gone there. If I finished it，I would go there.=Did I finish it，I would go there. If“如果.......的话”=Supposing“假设”{虚拟}

27、than{比较级}：little-比较级less-最高级least“没有”；few-比较级fewer-fewest“没有”；little/less/least+不可数名词；few/fewer/fewest+可数名词；traffic“交通”{不可数名词}；information信息{不可数名词}；knowledge知识{不可数名词}

28、how long“多长时间”；疑问词引导从句：疑问词+主语+谓语结构{没有问号}；疑问词引导主语：疑问词+一般疑问句结构..？“句首”{有问号}

29、固定的搭配：would rather do sth宁愿做某事；had better do sth最好做某事{I’d=I had，She’d=She had}；mind doing sth介意做某事；avoid doing sth避免做某事

30、分词{非谓语}：现在分词/过去分词；分词做状语谓语句首：过去分词后不接宾语，现在分词后接谓语；Doing sth...，+句子.... ； Having done sth{完成}，+句子...