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雅思听力填空题材料与答案9

2020-01-10

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听力材料:

Good afternoon everyone. Well, with some of you about to go out on field work it's timely that in this afternoon's session I'll be sharing some ideas about the reasons why groups of whales and dolphins sometimes swim ashore from the sea right onto the beach and, most often, die in what are known as 'mass strandings'.

 

Unfortunately, this type of event is a frequent occurrence in some of the locations that you'll be travelling to, where sometimes the tide goes out suddenly, 【1】confusing the animals.However, there are many other theories about the causes of mass strandings.

 

The first is that the behaviour is linked to parasites. It's often found that stranded animals were infested with large numbers of parasites. For instance, a type of worm is commonly found in the ears of dead whales. Since marine animals rely heavily on their hearing to navigate,this type of infestation has the potential to be very harmful.【2】

 

Another theory is related to toxins, or poisons. These have also been found to contribute to the death of many marine animals. Many toxins, as I'm sure you're aware, originate from plants, or animals. 【3】The whale ingests these toxins in its normal feeding behaviour but whether these poisons directly or indirectly lead to stranding and death, seems to depend upon the toxin involved.

 

In 1988, for example, fourteen humpback whales examined after stranding along the beaches of Cape Cod were found to have been poisoned after eating tuna that contained saxitoxin, the same toxin that can be fatal in humans.

 

Alternatively, it has also been suggested that some animals strand accidentally by following their prey ashore in the confusion of the chase. In 1995 David Thurston monitored pilot whales that beached after following squid ashore. However, this idea does not seem to hold true for the majority of mass strandings because examination of the animals' stomach contents reveal that most had not been feeding as they stranded.【4】

 

There are also some new theories which link strandings to humans. A growing concern is that loud noises in the ocean cause strandings. Noises such as those caused by military exercises are of particular concern and have been pinpointed as the cause of some strandings of late.【5】

 

One of these, a mass stranding of whales in 2000 in the Bahamas coincided closely with experiments using a new submarine detection system. There were several factors that made this stranding stand out as different from previous strandings. This led researchers to look for a new cause. For one, all the stranded animals were healthy.【6】 In addition, the animals were spread out along 38 kilometres of coast, whereas it's more common for the animals to be found in a group when mass strandings occur.【7】

 

A final theory is related to group behaviour, and suggests that sea mammals cannot distinguish between sick and healthy leaders and will follow sick leaders, even to an inevitable death. This is a particularly interesting theory since the whales that are thought to be most social-the toothed whales-are the group that strand the most frequently.【8】

 

The theory is also supported by evidence from a dolphin stranding in 1994. Examination of the dead animals revealed that apart from the leader, all the others had been healthy at the time of their death.【9】

 

Without one consistent theory however it is very hard for us to do anything about this phenomenon except to assist animals where and when we can. Stranding networks have been established around the world to aid in rescuing animals and collecting samples from those that could not be helped. I recommend John Connor's Marine Mammals Ashore as an excellent starting point if you're interested in finding out more about these networks, or establishing one yourself.【10】

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答案:

 

Question 1   tide

Unfortunately, this type of event is a frequent occurrence in some of the locations that you'll be travelling to, where sometimes the tide goes out suddenly, confusing the animals.

 

由a frequent occurrence in some of the locations 与common in areas 意思相符,为定位词,其中frequent与common,areas与locations均为同义替换。where sometimes the与题干中的where the对应,推测后面的tide为答案。goes out suddenly“突然涌出”,其中suddenly与题干中的quickly为同义替换,进一步证实推测正确。

 

Question 2 hearing

The first is that the behaviour is linked to parasites... Since marine animals rely heavily on their hearing to navigate, this type of infestation has the potential to be very harmful.

 

parasites为定位词,开始讲述第一种推测。marine animals进一步定位。rely..on与题干中的depend on为同义替换,是关键信息。their指代题干中的marine animals',由此推测 hearing很可能就是所需答案。又由to navigate与题干中的for navigation意思  一致,证实推测正确。

 

Question 3  plants; animals

Another theory is related to toxins, or poisons... Many toxins, as I'm sure you're aware,originate from plants, or animals. The whale ingests these toxins in its normal feeding behavior...

 

toxins及poisons与题干对应,为重要定位词。from与题干直接对应,为关键信息,根据前面预测,可猜测from后由or连接的两个并列名词plants和animals即为答案。由ingests与题干中的consumed同义替换,证实猜测成立。

   

Question 4   feeding

Alternatively, it has also been suggested that some animals strand accidentally following their prey ashore in the confusion of the chase...However, this idea does not seem to hold true... that most had not been feeding as they stranded

 

strand accidentally by following their prey ashore对应题干,是关键定位词。does not seem to hold true与题干中的unlikely同义替换,most与majority同义替换,是关键信息,继续往后看。推测had not been 后面的 feeding为答案,又根据as they stranded对应题干中的when they stranded确定推测成立。

 

Question 5  noises

There are also some new theories which link strandings to humans... Noises su as those caused by military exercises are of particular concern and have been pinpointed as the cause of some strandings of late.

 

humans为定位词,说明开始讲述人类活动与搁浅的关系。根据预测noises可能为答案。由caused by military exercises与题干,推测中的from military tests同义替换,确定推测成立。

 

Question 6  healthy

For one, all the stranded animals were healthy.

 

for对应because,one表示“第一点”,为关键定位词。根据上下文可知the stranded animals指的就是the whales。又由all和were直接对应题干,确定healthy正是所需答案。

 

Question 7 group

In addition, the animals were spread out along 38 kilometres of coast, whereas it's more common for the animals to be found in a group when mass strandings occur.

 

in addition为关键定位词,开始说明第二点原因。whereas表转折,对应题干的not。in a与题干直接对应,确定其后限的group即为正确答案。

 

Question 8  social

A final theory is related to group behavior...since the whales that are thought to be most social-the toothed whales-are the group that strand the most frequently.

 

group behavior为定位词,说明开始讲体行为与搁浅的关系。most与题干直接对应,推测其后的social述群即为答案。又由strand the most frequently对应题干中的more strandings,证实推测成立。

 

Question 9   leader

The theory is also supported by evidence from a dolphin stranding in 1994. Examination of the dead animals revealed that apart from the leader, all the others had been healthy...

 

dolphin stranding in 1994 对应题干,很容易定位。apart from the leader, all the others hadbeen healthy意思是“除了头儿,其他的都是健康的”,由此可得出只有leader是患病的,所以这里要填的就是leader

 

Question 10  networks

I recommend John Connor's Marine Mammals Ashore as an excellent starting point if you're interested in finding out more about these networks

 

Marine Mammals Ashore为关键定位词,注意听后面的内容。about与题干对应,these指代的就是stranding,确定networks即为所需答案。

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