中石油托福英语语法【第四课时】
【第四课时】
1. Quasars __________ emitting extremely intense radio waves and visible radiation.
(A) Star-like objects are
(B) Star-like, they are objects
(C) are star-like objects
(D) are they star-like objects
答案：C
测试点：主谓结构.
分析：Quasar 是主语，后面缺少动词及动词后所带成份，应在答案中选择动词十宾语或系动词斗表语的结构．(C)是系表结构.
解题要点：在 4 个答案中首先寻找以动词开头的形式.
2. Mary Cassatt specialized __________ mothers with their children.
(A) painted
(B) who painted
(C) paintings
(D) in painting
答案：D
测试点：习语。
分析：specialize 是不及物动词，后面不能直接加宾语，而要用介词。答案中只有(D)有介词，故选
(D)．specialize in+名词／动名词是固定短语.
3. Gorillas are quiet animals, __________ they are able to make about twenty different sounds.
(A) how
(B) in spite of
(C) because of
(D) even though
答案：D
测试点：连词.
分析：逗号前后为两个主谓完整的句子，且是转折的关系，要用表示转折的连词连接．答案中只有
(D)even though 是表示转折的连词。(A)可以是连词，但无转折的意思；(B)(C)都是介词，不能连接句
子.
解题要点：TOEFL 结构题中的 even though 常常是首先要考虑的选择.
4. From 1946 to 1949, __________ William Henry Hastie served as governor of the Virgin Islands.
(A) the lawyer
(B) he was the lawyer
(C) the lawyer who
(D) was the lawyer
答案：A
测试点：同位语。
分析：空格后是一完整的句子，主语前所缺的是主语的同位语。应在答案中选择说明主语身份的名词，
即(A)．(B)是句子(C)后加从句(D)是系表结构，都不能作同位语.
5. __________ struck, a tuning fork produces an almost pure tone, retaining its pitch over a long
period of time.
(A) When is it
(B) One is
(C) When it is
(D) Is one
答案：C
测试点：状语从句.
分析：本句逗号后是一完整的句子，逗号前的部分为状语从句．应在答案中选择带有连接词的从句形
式，即(C)．其实(C)省去 it is，只保留 when struck 亦是正确的.
6. __________ one time, Manchester, New Hampshire, was the home of the most productive cotton
mills in the world.
(A) On
(B) At
(C) By
(D) To
答案：B
测试点：介词/习语.
分析：at…time 是固定搭配，one time 前的介词应当用 at.
7. The edible tube mushroom __________ a cushion-like, moist cap that is light brown or darkish red.
(A) which has
(B) to have
(C) having
(D) has
答案：D
测试点：谓语。
分析：空格两边都是名词成份，所缺为谓语，应在答案中选择能作谓语的动词，即(D)。(A)多了主语
(B)(C)都是非谓语动词.
8. In 1961 the entertainer Chubby Checker introduced a __________ to New York’s rock’n ‘ roll fans.
(A) new dance, the twist
(B) twist, was the new dance
(C) twist, the new dance that
(D) new dance is the twist
答案：A
测试点：宾语侗位语.
分析：冠词 a 后面应是名词性成份，作 introduce 的宾语，故选择(A)．答案(D) (C)中有动词出现；(B)
中有连接词，均错.
9. In sculpture __________”modeling” denotes a way of shaping clay, wax, or other pliable materials.
(A) to the term
(B) is termed
(C) the term
(D) to term
答案：C
测试点：主语/同位语.
分析：denotes 是谓语动词，它前面是主语部分．所缺为主语，则应在答案中选择名词，即(C)the
term。modeling 为主语的同位语。
10. The capacity for flight __________insects from the other invertebrates.
(A) to distinguish
(B) distinguishes
(C) which distinguishes
(D) distinguishing
答案：B
测试点：谓语.
分析：本题与第 7 题属同一题型．空格前后都是名词性结构．所缺为谓语．应在答案中选择能作谓语的动词，即(B)．(A)(D)都是非谓语动词不能单独作谓语；(C)多了主语.
11. Although pecans are most plentiful in the southeastern part of the United States, they are found
__________ Ohio and Illinois.
(A) far north
(B) north as far
(C) farthest north
(D) as far north as
答案：D
测试点：as…as 的用法.
分析：此结构表示程度．答案(A)如改为 far north in 亦可．(B)(C)结构错误．此句意为“朝北方一直远
至 Ohio 和 nlinois”.
解题要点：表示程度的 as…as”结构出现在答案中，应首先考虑。
12. __________ of caffeine can result in restlessness, insomnia, and even delirium.
(A) Consuming in excess
(B) Excessive consumption
(C) To consume excessively
(D) The consumption excessive
答案：B
测试点：主语／词序.
分析：介词 of 前面应当是名词或名词词组．作本句的主语．答案中，(B)是正确的名词词组．(A)、(C)
错，因 consume 作“消费、吃喝”讲时应是及物动词，不能后接介词 of；(D)词序错误。
13. Considered one of the leading poets in America today,__________.
(A) a number of books and plays have also been written by Sonia Sanchez
(B) Sonia Sanchez has also written a number of books and plays
(C) A number of Sonia Sanchez books and plays have been written
(D) There have been a number of books and plays written by Sonia Sanchez
答案：B
测试点：主语一致.
分析：分词短语作状语置于句首时，其逻辑上的主语应当与句子的主语一致．本句 considered…的逻辑主语是人，句子主语也应是人。应在答案中选择以人名等作主语的形式，即(B)。(A) (C)主语均为
books，(D)用了表“存在”的 there be 句型，均与前面部分主语不一致.
14. Variables such as individual and corporate behavior __________ nearly impossible for
economists to forecast economic trends with precision.
(A) make
(B) make it
(C) it makes
(D) makes it
答案：B
测试点：习语动词 make 及其相关习语为 TOEFL 常考.
分析：本句用的是短语“make it…for sb．to do sth．*．不定式 to 及其后成分为实际宾形，代词 it 为
形式宾语.
15. __________ by transferring the blame to others is often called scapegoating.
(A) Eliminate problems
(B) The eliminated problems
(C) Eliminating problems
(D) Problems are eliminated
答案：C
测试点：主语／动名词.
分析：本句所缺为句子主语，其后的 by…短语表示方式，说明这个主语是一个动作，应考虑其可能是动名词或动名词短语。答案中(C)是动名词短语。(A)是动宾结构；(B)中心词是 problems 而非动作;(D)
是句子.
16. Sea turtles date back 100 million year and are the only ancient sea reptiles to survive the present Day.
A B C D
答案：A
测试点：数的一致.
分析：有阿拉伯数字出现时，应特别注意其后紧接的名词是否应为复数．这里 year 应为复数。
17. At a first, the scientific method may appear to be a narrow and restrictive way of gaining
A B C D
understanding.
答案：A
测试点：习语。
分析：At first 是固定短语，a 多余.
18. Since prehistoric times, artists have portrayed subjects that representative their culture.
A B C D
答案：D
测试点：词性。
分析：that 是从句主语，后面接谓语动词。此处应当用动词 represent 而不用形容词 representative.
19. How many people realize that agriculture is a source of raw materials for clothing and to shelter?
A B C D
答案：D
测试点：词性／并列结构.
分析：看到…and…，应想到它前后两部分同词性、同形式．此处要用名词 shelter 与 clothing 并列.
20. Mammals lose body heat to them environment in cold weather more quickly than in hot weather.
A B C D
答案：B
测试点：代词.
分析：environment 为名词，前面要用形容词性的代词 their 作定语，不能用 them.
21. Mahogany is often considered the finest cabinet wood because they has most of the qualities
A B C
desired for furniture making.
D
答案：C
测试点：代词数的一致。
分析：谓语 has 为单数形式，主语应为相应的单数代词 it。
解题要点：代词数的错用是 TOEFL 常考题型．注意划线代词是否与它所指代的名词单复数一致.
22. The situation comedy has proved to a remarkably durable commercial television format.
A B C D
答案：B
测试点：习语.
分析：prove+to be+名词是固定结构，此处缺 be.
23. Calcium, the most abundantly mineral in the body works with phosphorus in maintaining bones
A B C D
and teeth.
答案：A
测试点：词性.
分析：副词 abundantly 不能修饰名词，此处要用形容词 abundant。
解题要点：见到划线的-ly 结尾的副词，要留意是否是形容词的误用.
24. Soil science begun with the formulation of the theory of humus in1808.
A B C D
答案：A
测试点：不规则动词的词形变化
分析：begun 是过去分词，不能单独作谓语。应用过去式 began。解题要点；划线的不规则动词，要注意其形式变化是否用错．TOEFL 中常见的有，begin-began-begun，stand-stood-stood，set-set-set 等.
25. Scholars tend to cite 1831 as the started of the United States abolitionist movement.
A B C D
答案：C 测试点：词性。
分析：started 是动词形式，而冠词 the 后须用名词．应为 start.
26. Mary McDowell shared Jane Addam’s interest in social work also was a loyal supprter of the
A B C D
League of Nations.
答案：B
测试点：连词.
分析：also 是副词，而此处要用连词 and 连接两个并列的分句.
27. In adolescence, a young person may experience some stress emotional due to conflicting and
A B
confusing social demands.
C D
答案：B
测试点：词序.
分析：单个的形容词 emotional 应放在它所修饰的名词 stress 前.
解题要点： 形容词定语与其修饰的名词前后词序颠倒是常考题型。注意划线的名词+形容词的错误形
式。
28. Situated in the heart of a grain-farming and livestock-raising region, Abilene, Kansas, is a
A B
prosperous trading and distribute center.
C D
答案：D
测试点：词性/并列结构.
分析：以 and 作线索，确定此处应用 distributing 与 trading 并列，不能用 distribute.
29. A hologram is a pattern usually made on film in that can create a three-dimensional image of a
A B C D
scene.
答案：B
测试点：多词.
分析：此处 that 在定语从句中作主语，前面无须加 in.
30. The general sales tax has been a major source of income for state governments, much of which
A B
derive more than half of their budgets from it.
C D
答案：B
测试点：many 和 much 的用法.
分析：这两个词常被故意混淆．利用后文 derive 和 their 作线索，可确定 which 代指复数的
governments，所以这里要用修饰可数名词的 many 来修饰 which，不能用修饰不可数名词的 much.
解题要点；注意划线的 many 或 much 是否用错.
31. Principal known for his dictionary, Noah Webster was also the first epidimiologist in the United
A B C D
States.
答案：A
测试点：词性.
分析：修饰动词的过去分词 known 要用副词 principally，而不能用形容词 principal.
32. Liquid lubricants contrast widely in weighing, thickness, and boiling point.
A B C D
答案：C
测试点：词性／并列结构.
分析：关键词是 and，它要求其前后成份同词性、同性质．此处当用名词 weight 与 thickness 和 point
并列.
33. Interest with major social events led to a period of growth in journalism after 1945.
A B C D
答案：A
测试点：习语/介词。
分析：interest in 是固定短语，不用 with。
34. Saint Elmo’s fire is a luminous blue discharge of electricity sometimes seen when a thunderstorm.
A B C D
答案：D
测试点：介词.
分析：表示时间概念的连词和介词经常错用．连词 when 后只能接从句或分词而这里后接名词，不能用when，只能用介词 in 或 during.
35. Almanacs in simple form have been known from the invention of writing.
A B C D
答案：B 测试点：since 和 from 的用法.
分析：since 和 from 常被相互错用．由 have been known 知道此句是现在完成时态，应想到时间状语该用 since，不能用 from.
36. If laid out in straight line, the human digestive tract would measure approximately thirty foot in length.
A B C D
答案：D
测试点：数的一致／名词的数。
分析：题中遇有 foot 或 feet 出现时，应注意其单、复数是否用错。因前文有 thirty，故此处应用复数feet.
解题要点；改错题中划线的 foot 或 feet 应予以首先考虑.
37. The relationship of Latin American music to Black music in the United States is clearly evident in
A B
the unaccented beats that are common to either.
C D
答案：D
测试点：either 和 both 的用法.
分析：“两者的共同特点”应是 common to both，不用 either．(B)clearly evident 正确并非同意重复.
38. Today it is generally recognized as the primary function of the Federal Reserve System is to foster
A B
the flow of credit and money that will eventually facilitate a balance in international payments.
C D
答案：B
测试点：形式主语.
分析：看到 it is…的句式，应立即注意其是否用了“形式主语+that 从句(或十不定式)”结构。这样，才不会被 recognized as 所迷惑。as 应为 that，引导真正的主语。
39. Pure flint is too hard and even-grained that it chips in smooth curved flakes.
A B C D
答案：B
测试点：so that 和 too…to 的用法
分析：TOEFL 考试中常见把这两个结构错误搭配的题型．后文有 that,说明(B)应当用 so.
40. The typical Georgian-style house is rectangular in shape, at less two stories high, and designed
A B C D
around a central stairway.
答案：B
测试点：习语.
分析：At least 是固定短语，表示”至少”，不用 less.
