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英语专业八级改错题专辑【1-14】

2019-08-22

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专八改错(1)

Ancient man attempted to change the weather by using magic. While experience taught him this was impossible, __1__ 
he tried to forecast weather conditions. Even earlier in __2__
1000 B.C. there were weather seers in Babylon----and priests clever enough to denounce as frauds those predicted __3__
the weather a year in the advance. Some forecasters used __4__
methods that seemed to take no connection with the actual __5__
factors controlled the weather. Chickens and other animals __6__
were sacrificed and their intestines poked to find signs indicating rain and drought. Somewhat more scientific were __7__
predictions based on vegetation:"Onion's skin very thin ,mild weather coming in. Onion's skin thick and tough, coming weather is cold and rough."
Insects and animals were also __8__
favorite weather clues: "Before the glowworm lights his __9__
lamp , then the air is always damp ." "If spiders their cobwebs forsake , the weather will for certain break." "If frogs remained in pools , the weather will be fine . If they were seen on rocks, __10__
rain and cold were due." It's difficult to say whether this rhyme should be taken seriously : " Hark , I hear the asses bray . Me thinks we'll have some rain today ."

专八改错(2)

It is difficult to think of a nation as an abstract collection of people living on a patch of territory. It is easier to think of as a person. This is why we sometimes call Great Britain __1__
"Britannia" and the United States "Columbia", and think of it as stately women. We also use masculine symbols in our __2__
personification of nations. In 1712 John Arbuthont, a Scot, wrote a political satire in that the characters were supposed __3__
to be typical members of different nationalities. The Englishman was John Bull. This name, which was sufficient flattering to be __4__
adopted generally, combined the most common English first name with a last name indicated strength. John Bull is usually __5__
pictured as a partly businessman with a Union Jack on his hatband.
After the American War of Independence began in 1783, the United __6__
States was knownfor "Brother Jonathan". Jonathan was a biblical __7__
name associated with simple people from rural areas, and it seemed fitting since the United States is rural and unsophiscated, and since __8__
American considered their type of simplicity a virtue compared to __9__
the wickedness of European cities. It is possible, however, that the name was originated with President George Washington, who would __10__
often say, when faced with a hard problem, "Let us consult Brother Jonathan", referring to his secrectary, Johnathan Trumbull.

专八改错(3)

About half of the infant and maternal deaths in developing countries could be avoided if women had used family planning methods to prevent high risk ____1
pregnancies, according to a report publishing recently by the Johns Hopking University. ____2
The report indicates that 5.6 million infant deaths and 2,000,000 maternal Deaths could be prevented this year if women chose to have theirs children ____3
within the safest years with adequate intervals among births and limited their ____4
families to moderate size.
This amounts to about half of the 9.8 million infant and 370.000 maternal deaths in developing countries, excluded China, estimated for this year by ____5
the United Nation’s Children’s Fund and the US Centers for Disease Control respectably. China was excluded because very few births occur in the high risk categories. ____6
The report says that evidences from around the world shows the risk of ____7
maternal or infant ill and death is the highest in four specific types of ____8
pregnancy; pregnancies before the mother is 18 year old; those after the ____9
mother is 35 years old; pregnancies after four births; and those lesser than two years apart.____10

专八改错(4)

"Home, sweet home" is a phrase that express an essential attitude in the United States. Whether the reality of life in the family house is sweet or no sweet, the cherished ideal of home _____1
has great importance for many people.
This ideal is a vital part of the American dream. This dream, dramatized in the history of nineteenth century European settlers of American West, was to find a piece of place, build a house _____2
for one's family, and started a farm. These small households were _____3
portraits of independence: the entire family- mother, father, children,even grandparents-live in a small house and working together to ___4
support each other. Anyone understood the life-and-death importance _____5
of family cooperation and hard work. Although most people in the United States no longer live on farms, but the ideal of home ownership _____6
is just as strong in the twentieth century as it was in the nineteenth.
When U.S soldiers came home before World WarⅡ, for example, _____7
they dreamed of buying houses and starting families. But there was _____8
a tremendous boom in home building. The new houses, typically in the suburbs, were often small and more or less identical, but it satisfied _____9
a deep need. Many regarded the single-family house the basis of their way of life._____10

专八改错(5)

We live in a society which there is a lot of talk about science, but I would say _____1
that there are not 5 percent of the people who are equipped with school, including college, to understand scientific reasoning. We are more ignorant of science as people _____2
with comparable education in Western Europe.There are a lot of kids who know everything about computers—how to build
them, how to take them apart, and how to write programs for games. So if you ask _____3
them to explain about the principles of physics that have gone into creating the _____4
computer, you don’t have faintest idea. _____5
The failure to understand science leads to such things like the neglect of human _____6
creative power. It also takes rise to blurring of the distinction between science and _____7
technology. Lots of people don’t differ between the two. Science is the production of _____8
new knowledge that can be applied or not, and technology is the application of knowledge to the production of some products, machinery or the like. The two are really different, and people who have the faculty for one very seldom have a faculty for the others. _____9
Science in itself is harmless, more or less. But as soon as it can provide technology, it’s not necessarily harmful. No society has yet earned to forecast the consequences of new technology, which can be enormous._____10

专八改错(6)

For the last fifteen or twenty years the fashion in criticism or appreciation of the arts have been to deny the existence of any valid criteria and to make the __1__
words “good” or “bad” irrelevant, immaterial, and inapplicable. There is no such thing, we are told, like a set of standards first acquired through experience and __2__
knowledge and late imposed on the subject under discussion. This has been a __3__
popular approach, for it relieves the critic of the responsibility of judgment and the public by the necessity of knowledge. It pleases those resentful of disciplines, it __4__
flatters the empty-minded by calling him open-minded, it comforts the __5__
confused. Under the banner of democracy and the kind of quality which our forefathers did no mean, it says, in effect, “Who are you to tell us what is good or bad?” This is same cry used so long and so effectively by the producers of mass __6__
media who insist that it is the public, not they, who decide what it wants to hear __7__
and to see, and that for a critic to say that this program is bad and that program is good is pure a reflection of personal taste. Nobody recently has expressed this __8__  
philosophy most succinctly than Dr. Frank Stanton, the highly intelligent __9__
president of CBS television. At a hearing before the Federal Communications Commission, this phrase escaped from him under questioning: “One man’s mediocrity __10__
is another man’s good program”.

专八改错(7)

We use language every day. We live in a world of words. Hardly any
moment passes with someone talking, writing or reading. Indeed, __1__
languages is most essential to mankind. Our lives increasingly depend
on fast and successful use of language. Strangely enough, we know __2__
more about things around us than on ourselves. For example, language __3__
is species specific, that is, it is language that differs human from __4__
animals. However, we do not know yet how exactly we inquire language __5__
and how it is possible for us to perceive through language; nor we __6__
understand precisely the combinations between language and thought, __7__
language and logic, or language and culture; still less, how and when
language started. One reason for this inadequate knowledge of language
is that we, like language users, take too many things for granted. __8__
Language comes to every normal person so naturally that a few __9__
of us stop to question what language is, much less do we feel the
necessity to study it. Language is far more complex than most people
have probably imagined and the necessity to study it is far greater than
some people may have assured. Linguistic is a branch of science which __10__
takes language as its object of investigation.

专八改错(8)

Whenever you see an old film, even one made as little as ten years before, you can’t help being strucked by the__1__
appearance of the women taking part. Their hair styles and make-up look date; their skirts look either too long or too__2__
short; their general appearance is, in fact, slightly ludicrous.The men taking part, on other hand, are clearly recognizable.__3__
There is nothing about their appearance to suggest that they belong to an entire different age. This illusion is created __4__
by changing fashions. Over the years, the great minority of men __5__
have successfully resisted all attempts to make it change their __6__
style of dress. The same cannot be said for women. Each year, a fewer so-called top designers in Paris and London lay down__7__
on the law and women around the world run to obey. The __8__
decrees of the designers are unpredictable and dictatorial. Sometime they decide arbitrarily, that skirts will be short and __9__
waists will be height; hips are in and buttons are out. __10__.

专八改错(9)

What is a black hole? Well, it is difficult to answer the question,
as the terms we would normally use to describe a scientific phenomenon __1__
are adequate here. Astronomers and scientists think that a black hole is __2__
a region of space which matter has fallen and from which nothing can __3__
escape—not even light. But we can’t see a black hole. A black hole __4__
exerts a strong gravitational pull and yet it has no matter. It is only
space—or thus we think. How can this happen? __5__
The theory is that some stars explode when their density increases
to a particular point; they “collapse” and sometimes a supernova occurs.
The collapse of a star may produce a “White Dwarf” of a “neutronstar”—
a star which matter is so dense that if continually shrunk by the force of __6___
its own gravity. But if the star is very large, this process of shrinking may
be so intense that a black hole results in. Imagine the earth reduced to the __7__
size of a marble, but still having the same masses and a stronger __8__
gravitational pull, and you have some ideas of the force of a black hole. __9__
And no matter near the black hole is sucked in. __10__

专八改错(10)

Bottlenose dolphins can call each other by name when they whistle,

making them the only animals besides humans know to recognize such      1. __________

identity information, scientists reported on Monday.

Dolphins communicate as humans by calling each other by name,           2. __________

scientists in Fife reported on Monday.

Scientists have long known that dolphins’ whistling calls including repeated      3. __________

information thought to be their names, but a new study indicates dolphins

recognize these names even when voice cues are removed in the sound.         4. __________

St Andrews University researchers studying in Sarasota Bay off

Florida’s west coast Florida discovered bottlenose dolphins used names

rather than sound to identify each other.

The three-years-study was funded by the Royal Society of London.         5. __________

Dr Vincent Janik, of the Sea Mammal Unit at St Andrews University,

said they conduced the research on wild dolphins.                      6. __________

 “We captured wild dolphins using nets when they came near the

 shore,” he said.

 “Then in the deep water we recoded their whistles before synthesizing         7. __________

 them on a computer with the caller’s voice features removed so that we

have a computer voice of a dolphin.”                                8. __________

“Then we played it back to the dolphins through an underwater speaker

and we found they responded coolly. This showed us that the dolphins       9. __________

know each other’s signature whistle instead just the voice.”                  10. _________

“Now we know they have labels for each other like we do.”

The findings are published in the US journal the Proceedings of the

National Academy of Sciences (PNAS).

专八改错(11)

In 2009, Pfizer paid $301 million settle allegations by the Justice 1. ___________

Department that company representatives marketed Geodon dosage

for unapproved uses and encouraged doctors “to prescribe the drug at

substantially more higher than approved dosages.”   2. ___________

Like all psychotropic medications, Geodon has potential side effects, 

as anxiety and weight gain, and far more seriously risks, including vision 3. ___________

problem. And Ms. Vargha’s sister was also taking four other psychotropic 4. ___________

drugs, each with their own potentially damaging consequences.    5. ___________

Ms. Vargha fought for years before her sister’s dosages were increased.   6. ___________

“Why on earth would we give psychotropic medications to a population that

are already vulnerable and struggling to use their brain?” she wrote in a letter 7. ___________

to the state this year. “Why do we want to numb and dumb them more?”

Three months ago, increasingly desperate, Ms. Vargha, 56, was            8. ___________

 removed her sister from the group home, and took her to her house.

When a reporter visited Ms. Vargha’s home recently, her sister was

disoriented and briefly mistook the reporter for an Iran policeman. At       9. ___________

night, she walks the hallways, speaking Persian.

“She’s getting better, she’s eating now a bit, but she doesn’t sleep,” Ms.

Vargha said. She hopes to get her sister back on her feet soon and move her

into a group apartment in Rochester.

“My sister came with so much hope to this country, America, the land

of freedom,” she said. “When she became a citizen, she put both arms up and said, ‘I love this country.’ ”

She added, “I want her to experience that she believed in.”                10. __________

专八改错(12)

 As one of the many outgrowths of the sweeping federal health care

law, health insurances and employers must now pay the cost of screening 1. ___________

children for obesity and providing them with appropriate counseling.

With about one in three children in America obese and overweight,2. ___________

the need for such programs is clear. But experts say, creating them will

be challenging. More than intensive hospital-based programs, few proven 3. ___________

models exist for helping children and adolescents achieve and maintain a

healthier weight, and researchers do not even fully understand the factors

that contributed the rapid rise in childhood obesity in recent years.4. ___________

While there are many community efforts aimed at getting every child

to eat better and exercise more, including Michelle Obama’s “Let’s Move”

initiative, there is also growing demand for programs help children who 5. ___________

are already seriously overweight. WellPoint and the UnitedHealth Group,

another large insurer, are experimenting with the new approaches, and 6. ___________

even Weight Watchers says it is working to develop a program for children

and teenagers. Drug companies and medical device makers are also testing

some products for children. 7. ___________

Adults have a difficult enough time lose weight, and the issues are 8. ___________

even more complicated with children and teenagers, experts say. Children

are still growing, and the goal of any program maybe to help them grow 9. ___________

into a healthier weight rather than to actually gain pounds. Experts also10. __________

say that to be successful, programs need to focus on the family as a whole,

changing what everybody eats and how much time they are all active, not

sitting in front of a computer screen or television.

专八改错(13)

Many students today display a disturbing willingness tochoose
academic institutions, fields of study and careers in the basis of__1__
earning potential. In an extensive 1989 survey of collegestudents
nationwide, 72 percent of students reported that their primary
objective to attending college was to make more money upongraduation. __2__
This state of mind came with the present generation. Studies show
that the majority of baby boomers attended college to develop
themselves, their critically thinking skills and their personal __3__
philosophies of life.
Nationaly, the number of students going into business-related fields
has sharply increased, and this rise has attributed primarily to __4__
the shift in educational and career priorities. At Duke, economy is __5__
now the most popular major, attracting nearly 15 percent of the under-
graduates, and history majors comprise only 5 percent of undergraduate __6__
population. Thirty years ago the situation was reversed, with economic
and business administration majors together consisting 8.7 percent of __7__
undergraduates and almost 12 percent of undergraduates declared __8__
themselves history majors. The number of English majors has also decreased,
from 9 percent in 1969 to 5.5 percent today.
Degrees in economics are marketed and likely to garner their holders __9__
of high salaries without the added effort of medical or law school. __10__
And given the objectives of current college students, such options
are attractive.

专八改错(14)

Aimlessness has hardly been typical of the postwar Japanwhose
productivity and social harmony are the envy of the UnitedStates
and Europe.But increasingly the Japanese is seeing a decline oftheir __1__
traditional work-moral values. Ten years ago young people were
hardworking and saw their jobs as their primary reason forbeing,
but now Japan has large fulfilled its economic needs, and young people __2__
don't know where they should go next.
The coming of the age of the postwar baby boom and an entry __3__
of women into the male-dominated job market has limited the opportunities __4__
of teen-agers who are already questioning the heavy personal
sacrifices involved climbing Japan's rigid social ladder to good __5__
schools and jobs. In a recent survey, it was found that only 24.5
percent Japanese students were fully satisfied with school life,compared __6__
with 67.2 percent of students in the United States. In addition, far
more Japanese workers expressed dissatisfaction with their jobs than
did their counterparts in the 10 countries surveyed. __7__
While often praised by foreigners for its emphasis on the basics.
Japanese education tends to stress test taking and mechanic learning __8__
over creativity and self-expression. Last year Japan experienced 2,125
incidents of school violence, including 929 assaults on teachers.
Amid the outcry, many conservative leaders are seeking a return
to the prewar emphasis on moral education. Last year Mitsuo Detoyama,
who was then education minister, raised his eyebrow when he argued __9__
that liberal reforms introduced by the American occupation authorities
after World War II had weakened the "Japanese morality of respect of parents." __10__

 

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参考答案

专八改错(1)

1.While—When或After.本句的this指代的是to change the weather by using magic. when/after 引导时间状语
2.in—than.earlier是early的比较级,其后应有than
3.those之后加who.who引导定语从句
4. 删除advance前的the.in advance为习语
5. take—have.have connection with 为习语
6. controlled—controlling或在controlled前加that/which.controlling the weather 或that/which controlled the weather做定语修饰the actual factors
7. and—or.rain和draught只能是二者之一
8. 删除is.与上文平衡,均为省略句
9. before—when/if.条件句
10. will—would.if引导的是条件句用的是remained一般过去时

专八改错(2)

1. of和as之间加上it.代替前文的a nation
2.it—both.指代上文的US和Great Britain
3.that—which
4.sufficient—sufficiently.修饰形容词用副词
5. indicated—indicating
6.began—ended.根据历史知识,美国独立战争开始于1776年7月4日(《独立宣言》发表),直到1783年英国正式承认美国独立才结束。
7. for—as.be known for意为“因......而众所周知”
8. is—was.美国过去曾是一个rural and unsophisticated的国家
9.to—with.compare to 意为“把......比作.......”compare with意为“与......比较,与.......匹敌,与......竞争”
10. 删掉name和originated之间的was  

专八改错(3)

1. 将 had used 改为 used。
因为此句是虚拟语气,表示与现在事实相反,故条件从句中应使用一般过去时。例如:
Many would be wise if they did not think themselves wise. 许多人原本会成为聪明人-如果他们不自以为聪明的话。
2. 将 publishing 改为 published
report和publish时逻辑动宾关系,故应使用publish的过去分词短语来修饰report。例如:
Any discovery that we may make, however small, will remain acquired knowledge. 任何可能的发现,不管多么微不足道,都将成为知识宝库中的一部分。
3. 将 theirs 改为 their
4. 将 among 改为 between
在两次怀孕期间留出足够的间隔时间,故用between。
5. 将过去分词 excluded 改为介词 excluding
excluding意为“不包括……”
6. 将 respectably 改为 respectively
respectively 意为 “分别地 ”,符合句子的意思。而respectably意为“可敬的,值得尊敬地 ”。
7. 将 evidences 改为 evidence
evidence是不可数名词。
8. 将ill改为illness
9. 将 year 改为 years
10. 将 lesser 改为 less 

专八改错(4)

1. 将 no 改为 not
2. 将 place 改为 land
place是可数名词,作“地方”讲,而land意为“土地,田地”是不可数名词。例如:
Solitude is a good place to visit but a poor place to stay.
当你偶尔光顾时,独处是一个美妙的境地,但是如果久留,它却是一个糟糕的地方。
There is a vacant piece of land near the house; we can build there.
3. 将 started 改为 start
start应使用不定式,以和前面的find, build一致。
4. 将 working 改为 work
work应该用第三人称复数,和live一致。另外,family在这里作“家人”讲,是复数。
5 将 anyone 改为 everyone
这里是要用everyone 指每个人,而不是要用anyone泛指。
6. 将 but 删除
7. 将 before 改为 after
根据上下文判断,这里要表达的是二战之后。
8. 将 But 改为 And
根据语意,这里要表达的是递进关系,而不是转折关系。例如:
When I do good, I feel good. When I do bad, I feel bad. And that's my religion.
当我行善事,我感到坦然;当我行恶时,我感到内疚。这就是我的人生之道。
9 将 it 改为 they
10 在house the中间加入介词 as

regard...as 作“把……当作……”讲。

专八改错(5)

1. 在 which 前加 in,或将 which 改为 where
在这里which引导限制性从句,修饰先行词the society。in which 在从句中作状语,当然也可以用关系副词where引导定语从句,并在从句中作状语,例如:Money is a bottomless sea, in which honor, conscience, and truth may be drowned.
2. 将 as 改为than
3. 将 So 改为 But 或者 However 或者 Nevertheless
因为这里上下文是转折关系。
4. 将 about 去掉
因为explain是及物动词。
5. 将 you 改为 they
6. 将 like 改为 as
因为such as 是固定搭配。
7. 将 takes 改为 gives
give rise to表示“引起,导致”之意。
8. 将 differ 改为 distinguish
牵着表示“有区别”。后者表示“区分,找出……的差别”。
9. 将 others 改为 other
这样the other就和上文的one构成固定搭配,表示在两个中“一个……;另外一个……”
10. 将 harmful 改为 harmless,只有这样才可以表达上下文的对比关系。 

专八改错(6)

1 将have改为has。该句的主语 the fashion是单数.
2 将like改为as。such as 是固定搭配.
3 将late改为later。later和上文first对应.
4 将by改为of或者from。 relieve sb of/ from sth 是固定搭配, 意思为 “减轻某人(的负担等)”
5 将him改为them。因为其先行词为 the empty-minded,而 “the+adj/p.p” 表示一类人时,通常表示复数概念.
6 在same前加the。the same 表示 “唯一,独一无二”的概念,因此必须加定冠词.
7 将decide改为decides。该句的主语 the public 表示的是单数概念.,这一点从后面的代词it 可以看得出来.
8 将pure改为purely。在这里purely作状语,修饰谓语动词,因此应使用副词.
9 将most改为more。more than 搭配,引导出比较状语从句.
10 将from去掉。escape在作 “被某人情不自禁地说出来”讲时,是及物动词,而只在作 “逃跑”讲时,才时不及物动词.

专八改错(7)

1. with 改为 without。”hardy any moment passes without someone…” , 两个否定: without 和hardly,意思是“每一时刻有人……”。
2. fast 前面加the因为fast and successful use 这个词组后边有一个前置词短语 of language 修饰use,所以被修饰的词前面加定冠词。
3. than on ourselves 改为than things on ourselves。在这里比较的是两件事:things around us and things on ourselves(我们周围的事物和我们自身的东西)。第二个things不能省略,否则引起误解。
4. differs 改为distinguishes。语言区分人与动物,differ是不及物动词,后面不能带宾语,只能用介词,如:Man differs from animals in that man possesses language。
5. inquire改为acquire“习得语言”应该是acquire language,名词短语是language acquisition。 Inquire 是“询问”的意思。
6. we前面加上 do 副词nor放在句首表示强调,应用倒装句,一般现在时强调句是在主语前面加助动词 do。
7. combination改为relationships.语言和思维的关系,不是结合;语言和思维的关系是当代语言学研究的重要领域。
8. like 改为as。根据上下文,要表达的意思是“作为语言的使用者”,不是“像语言的使用者”。
9. a 去掉 这里是否定的意思:“我们没有多少人……”而不是“我们一些人.….”。
10. assured 改为 assumed. 这句的后半部分意思是“研究语言的必要性比我们想象的要大得多”。Assure译为“确保”;assume译为“假设”或者“想象”的意思。 

专八改错(8)

1 strucked改为struck或者stricken。过去分词形式有误。strike的过去式是struck,过去分词为struck或者stricken。
2 date改为dated或者outdated,
3 on other hand 改为 on the other hand
4 entire改为entirely,副词修饰形容词different,并与different一起修饰age。
5 minority改为majority。 从上下文以及常识判断,多半男性成功地抵制了改变他们服装款式的企图,即多年来,男性大服装款式跟女性服饰相比没有多大的变化。
6 it改为them,them指代the great majority of men。
7 fewer改为few,此处没有比较的意味。
8去掉on。lay down为习语,表示“规定(规则,原则,法规等)”。
9 sometime改为 sometimes。
10 height改为high。形容词作be 的表语。

专八改错(9)

1 将as 改为since或者because。在表示原因的连接词中,只有as引导的原因状语从句不能位于主句之后,只能位于句首。
2 将adequate 改为inadequate,或者在are后加not。从逻辑上分析,因为我们拥有的科学术语“不充足”,所以才无法回答这个问题,所以用否定形式。
3 在which 前加into。这是一个定语从句,意思是“黑洞是太空中物质可以掉进去的地方”,所以定语从句应该为“into which matter has fallen”。
4 将but 改为 so。 上文已提到“连光都无法从黑洞中逃出”,所以我们根本无法看到黑洞。这里应该是因果关系,而不是转折关系。
5 将thus改为so。这句话的意思是“那只是空间—或者我们认为它只是空间”。so做 think 的宾语,thus 只能做连词,不能做宾语。
6 将which 改为whose。这个定语从句的意思是“它是一颗星,其密度非常大,由于自身的引力,它在不断地收缩”。matter 属于star,所以关系代词应该用whose。
7 去掉in。result为不及物动词,意为“形成了”,而“result in sth。”意为“导致某结果”。
8 将masses 改为mass。mass 可指“大量的物质”,而“the masses”特指“劳动群众”,用在此处不妥。
9 将ideas 改为idea。“idea”在表达“印象”时,为不可数名词,不可以用复数。
10 将no改为any。分析便知,任何在黑洞附近的东西都会被吸进去。

专八改错(10)

答案与解析

1. 答案:know —known

试题分析:本题为动词误用 。

详细解答:词组make...known表示“使……著称”,句意为 “除了人类,宽吻海豚是唯一一种以能辨别同类身份著称的动物”。而make...know表示“使……知道”,不符合原文。

2. 答案as —like

试题分析:本题为介词误用 。

详细解答:like表示“像 ” ,句意为“海豚像人类一样 ,能互相用姓名称呼对方”。而

as表示“作为” ,海豚不能作为人类 ,语意不对 。

3. 答案including —include

试题分析:本题为非谓语动词误用 。

详细解答:dolphins’whistling calls作为that从句 中的主语 ,repeated information作为句 中

的宾语,缺少谓语动词 ,因此include要用原形而不是-ing分词 。

4. 答案in —from

试题分析:本题为介词误用 。

详细解答:动词remove搭配介词from ,表示“从 ……中去除”。

5. 答案years —year

试题分析:本题为名词误用 。

详细解答:关于复合词 的用法 ,three years study如果用连字符合成一个词, “year”要 用单数形式 。

6. 答案conduced –- conducted

试题分析:本题为动词误用 。

详细解答:conduce是不及物动词 ,表示 “导致” ,conduct表示 “进行 、实施”。句 中

指“他们对野生海豚进行 了研究” ,故用后者 。

7. 答案deep —shallow

试题分析:本题为逻辑错误 。

详细解答:科学家录制野生海豚的叫声是在浅海水域 ,而非深海水域 。

8. 答案have —had

试题分析:本题为时态错误 。

详细解答:整个句子都是在叙述过去发生的事情 ,要用一般过去时。

9. 答案coolly —strongly

试题分析:本题为逻辑错误 。

详细解答:由于海豚能听懂同类的呼唤 ,因此反应“很强烈” ,而不是“很冷淡”。

10. 答案instead∧—of

试题分析:本题为缺词错误 。

详细解答:instead后面只能跟句子 ,且后要加逗号 ,而instead of 后面跟名词词组 。

重点、难点词汇

1. bottlenose 宽吻

2. Fife 法夫(英国苏格兰行政区名 )

3. synthesize 使合成

4. the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 《美国国家科学院学报 》

专八改错(11)

答案与解析

1. 答案:∧settle — to
试题分析:本题为缺词错误 。
详细解答:pay some money和不定式to do搭配表示“为了做成某事而付钱”。

2. 答案:more — much或more — /
试题分析:本题为副词误用 。
详细解答:high是单音节形容词 ,不需要和副词more合用作为它 的比较级 ,仅用higher即可。如果需要修饰higher ,应该用副词much 。

3. 答案:seriously — serious
试题分析:本题为副词和形容词误用 。
详细解答:修饰名词risk不能用副词 ,而应该使用形容词serious ,表示“更大的威胁”。

4. 答案:problem — problems
试题分析:本题为名词误用 。
详细解答:problem表示“问题” ,是可数名词 ,句 中表示“各种眼疾”。

5. 答案:their — its
试题分析:本题为代词误用 。
详细解答:物主代词和句 中的each搭配使用 ,表示“每种药有各 自致命 的副作用” ,故使用its。

6. 答案:increased — reduced
试题分析:本题为逻辑错误 。
详细解答:根据上文的意思,该药虽然能治疗心理病,但是由于副作用较大 ,引发其他疾病,需要逐渐减少用药量,而不是增加,故用reduced符合原文 。

7. 答案:are — is
试题分析:本题为动词误用 。
详细解答:定语从句的先行词population作为集合名词,表示一类人 ,应该用单数谓语动词与之搭配。

8. 答案:was — /
试题分析:本题为语态误用 。
详细解答:Vargha女士在绝望之余只能把她的姐姐从医院带回家,作为施动者,不需要用被动态 。

9. 答案:Iran — Iranian
试题分析:本题为名词误用 。
详细解答:作为名词的前置定语 ,应该使用形容词形式Iranian,表示一个伊朗的警察 。

10. 答案:that — what
试题分析:本题为从句误用 。
详细解答:句中的experience不是名词而是动词,需用宾语从句而非定语从句,要用what作关系代词,表示她所相信的事情 。

重点、难点词汇

1. allegation 断言、宣称

2. dosage 剂量

3. substantially 显著地

4. psychotropic 作用于精神的 (药物 )

5. medication 药物

6. disorient 使不知所措

专八改错(12)

答案与解析

1. 答案:insurances — insurers
试题分析:本题为名词误用 。
详细解答:文中指的是健康保险公司insurer ,而非抽象意义的保险insurance。

2. 答案:and — or
试题分析:本题为连词误用。
详细解答:文中的obese和overweight是两个表示体重超标的形容词,前者表示“过分肥胖的(有病态的)”,后者表示“超重的”,程度轻些,两种状态只能选其一,故用or。

3. 答案:More — Other
试题分析:本题为逻辑错误 。
详细解答:根据句子的意思:除医院提供的一些减肥的项目之外,几乎没有其他可供选择的途径,所以选用“除……之外”other than,而不是“比……多”more than。

4. 答案:∧the — to
试题分析:本题为缺词错误 。
详细解答:contribute是一个不及物动词,与介词to搭配使用,表示“有助于,促成,导致 ……”。

5. 答案:∧help — that或help — helping
试题分析:本题为从句误用 。
详细解答:关系代词that在句中作限定性定语从句的主语,不能省略,否则句子不完整。或者也可以使用help 的非谓语动词形式,作为补充说明。

6. 答案:the — /
试题分析:本题为冠词误用 。
详细解答:句中的new approaches没有特指哪些新方法,上文也没有提到过,因此是泛指,不需要用定冠词 。

7. 答案:for — on
试题分析:本题为介词误用 。
详细解答:test sth. on sb. 是固定搭配,表示在某人身上做试验 。

8. 答案:lose — losing
试题分析:本题为非谓语动词误用 。
详细解答:have a dificult time doing sth. 表示在……方面经历了一段艰难时期,是固定搭配。

9. 答案:maybe — may be
试题分析:本题为副词误用 。
详细解答:本句缺少谓语动词,应该使用情态动词may,而非副词maybe,否则句子不完整。

10. 答案:gain — lose
试题分析:本题为逻辑错误 。
详细解答:本文的主旨是要帮助肥胖人士减肥lose pounds,从而使身体更加健康,而非增加体重gain pounds,与本意不符。

重点、难点词汇

1. screen 测试 、筛查(动词 )

2. proven 被验证的

专八改错(13)

1.in--on
词组on the basis of 中须用介词on而不是in。
2.to(attending)--in/of
不要将objective和objective相混淆,object后需加介词to,但这里应用in或者of表示“上大学的目标是……”。
3.critically--critical
thinking在这里已变成名词,因此前面应该用形容词critical来修饰,表示“批判性思维”。
4.^attributed--been
attribute作动词时是及物动词,通常的搭配是 to attribute sth to sth,因此这里应使用被动语态,加上been。
5.economy--economics
economy表示一个国家的“经济”,而economics才表示“经济学”,因此这里应使用economics。
6.and--while/but
and表示顺接,而这里缺少的是一个表示对比的连词,因为历史系学生和经济系学生在人数上形成很大对比,所以应改and 为while或者but。
7.consisting--comprising/constituting或者 consisting^--of
consist的意思是“包括,由……组成”,一般要与介词of连用,而comprise或者constitute则表示“组成……”,而且不需要与of连用。
8.declared--declaring
“almost 12 percent of undergraduates declared themselves history majors”和“economic andbusiness administration majors together consisting 8.7 percent of undergraduates"应是并列结构跟随介词with,所以这里应将declared变为declaring,与前面的分句保持形式上的一致。
9.marketed--marketable
原句的意思是“经济学的文凭是有市场的,有销路的”,所以应该是marketable。
10.of(high salaries)--/
garner后面不需加介词of,直接说garner sth即可。 

专八改错(14)

1.is--are
the加上形容词一类人的时候后面应用动词的复数形式,如:The old receive particular respect inChinese society.
2.large-largely
这里large是修饰fullfilled的,所以应改为largely,表示“大部分地”,如:The fundis largely financedthrough government borrowing.
3.the(age)--/
动词词组come of age表示“已成年”,中间不用任何冠词,所以它一旦变为-ing形式仍然保持原样。另外要避免将原句误读成The coming of ,the age of the postwar baby boom,这样断句意思解释不通。
4.has--have
有两个原因限制了青少年进好的学校找到好的工作,这两个原因由and连接作并列主语,所以谓语动词应该用复数。
5.involved^--in
involved后面少了in,表示“关于,涉及到”,如All the children were involved in the school play.
6.^Japanese--of
当percent做名词时,它后面应加上介词of,如:
The report states that 42 percent of the alunmi contributed to the endowment. 
当percent作形容词或者副词时,则不加of。如:
There has been a ten percent increase in the number of new students arriving at polytechnic thisyear.
7.^countries--other
从上句话中可知道Japan也参与了这次普查,因此在这句话里的比较结构中Japan应和其他10个同意参加普查的国家进行比较,所以应注明是10 other countries。
8.mechanic--mechanical
mechanic是名词,表示“制造工,技工”,所以这里应把它改为mechanical表示“机械的”。
9.eyebrow--eyebrows
toraise one's eyebrow 表示“(某事)引起(某人)的惊讶或不赞同”,如:
He raised his eyebrows over some of the suggestions.
10.of--for
respect 后面通常跟for接人,表示“对(某人)的尊重”,如:respect for the old。 

 

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