医学博士英语阅读理解讲解【10】

 

The first line reads: "She sits on the bed with a helpless expression. What is your name? Auguste. Last name? Auguste. What is your husband's name? Auguste, I think. " The 32 pages of medical records that follow are the oldest medical description of Alzheimer's disease. Psychiatrist Konrad Maurer and his colleagues at Johann Wolfgan Goethe University in Frankfurt found the file in their hospital's archive, where it had been missing for nearly 90 years, and published exerpts from it last May in The Lancet. The notes, in a cramped, archaic German script, were written by Alois Alzheimer the physician who first described the disease.

 

His patient, Auguste D, was a 5 1-year-old woman who had suffered fits of paranoid jealousy and memory lapses so disturbing that her family finally brought her to a local hospital known as the Castle of the Insane. Over the next four years Alzheimer tracked her condition. Upon her death he examined her brain tissue and found the distinctive lesion that are now hallmark of the disease.

 

Today Alzheimer's afflicts some 4 million Americans. Although it still cannot be cured, or even treated very well, several recent studies hint that some treatments— from estrogen to vitamin E to anti-inflammatory drugs — can reduce either the risk of developing the disorder or its symptoms. And more is being learned about its distinctive pathology. This past year, for instance, researchers discovered a new kind of lesion in Alzheimer's patients. A genetic study also pinpointed a mutation that is present in some 60 percent of them — a mutation in the DNA of mitochondria, the energy-producing organelles of the cells.

 

But nearly a century ago, it was Alois Alzheimer who first described the disease an in so doing became one of the first physicians to offer a biological basis for a psychiatric condition. Finding the file, Maurer says, "is like holding history in your hands. "

 

 

71. Obviously, the discovery of the missing file of Auguste D. ________ .

A. adds credit to Alois Alzheimer

B. sheds doubt on the first description of Alzheimer's

C. presents a big challenge to the medical community

D. has a great impact on the development of a cure for Alzheimer's

72. The anatomical characteristics of Alzheimer's ________ .

A. can be found in the missing file

B. could have been confirmed decades ago 

C. are wrongly described in the missing file

D. even puzzle the medical community today

73. The findings of the research on Alzheimer's ________ .

A. sound encouraging B. took more time than expected

C. were ascribed to the missing file D. will bring about a cure in no time

74. When he says that finding the file is like holding history in your hands. Maurer means ________ .

A. his assurance of the historical finding B. his further studies on Alzheimer's

C. the beauty of the medical history D. the importance of imagination

75. Which of the following can best be the title for the passage?

A. The Physician Who First Described Alzheimer's.

B. The Recent Studies on Alzheimer's.

C. The Missing File of Auguste D.

D. The History of Psychiatrics.

　　本文通过发现第一个书面描述Alzheimer病的Alois Alzheimer医生用德语书写的最古老的病历的故事，说明这份病历以及Alois Alzheimer医生对于现代Alzheimer病等老年痴呆症的治疗所做出的巨大贡献。

71. D  根据全文大意，本题的意思是：显而易见，丢失的Auguste D. 的病历对研究Alzheimer病治愈方法产生巨大影响。

72. A  根据第二段，Alois Alzheimer医生在患者Auguste D. 死后对其大脑组织进行了解剖并发现了现在诊断Alzheimer病的典型病灶。选项A讲的正是这个意思。

73. C  根据全文，特别是第四段说：Alois Alzheimer医生第一个书面记录了Alzheimer 病的特点及解剖发现的病灶，成为研究心理疾病、奠定生物学基础的最早的医生之一。可见，因为发现了丢失的病历，研究人员才能够了解过去的对Alzheimer病的研究所见。

74. A  根据全文，特别是第四段，找到这个病历“就像手中握住了历史”。人们看历史是为了了解过去所发牛的事情。而这个病历正是记载了90年前对于Alzheimer病的治疗和研究发现。Maurer这样说的意思应该是他确信掌握了有关Alzheimer病的研究历史。

75. C  标题也是文章的大意：发现丢失近100年的、最早的治疗研究Alzheimer病的Auguste D. 的病历及其影响。