动态图：曲线图和环境类写作Test1
WRITING TASK 1
You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.
The graphs below show the size of the ozone hole over Antarctica and the production of three ozone-damaging gases from 1980 to 2000.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant.
You should write at least 150 words.
Ozone Hole Size over Antarctica
Model Essay
The two line graphs illustrate the change in the ozone hole size over the Antarctica region and the amount of three gases produced which caused damage to the ozone layer during the same period.
The ozone hole was at its smallest size of about 400 thousand square kms in 1980,but 20 years later, it was enlarged by 9 times to 3.6 million square kms. The only period when there was a reduction in size was in the early 1990s (from 2 to 1.2 million square kms).
In 1980,about 70 million tonnes of CFC-11 was produced,which remained stable for 2 years before undergoing a steady decline to below 10 million tonnes in the late 1990s. The production of CFC-12, on the other hand, showed an upward trend throughout the 20-year period from 25 to 50 million tones, surpassing the production of CFC-11 in 1989. N₂O,however, was not produced until 1990, but its production grew rapidly to about 40 million tonnes in 2000.
Overall,the two graphs indicate that it was mainly CFC-12 and N₂O which gave rise to the expansion of ozone hole over Antarctica in the last two decades of the 20th century.
重点词汇
region n.区域,地方,地区
He said he had sharp pains in the stomach region.
layer n.层,阶层
We stripped several layers of paint off the door.
stable adj.稳定的
After several part-time jobs, he's now got a stable job in a bank.
surpass vt.超越,胜过
His time for the 100 metres surpassed the previous world record by one hundredth of a second.
indicate vt.指出,显示,象征,预示,需要,简要地说明
Antihistamine is indicated for this patient as a treatment for her allergies.
give rise to 引起,使发生
International support has given rise to a new optimism in the company.
实用句型
显示上升的趋势:show an upward trend
请注意范文中的这句话:
The production of CFC-12, on the other hand, showed an upward trend throughout the 20-year period from 25 to 50 million tones, surpassing the production of CFC-11in 1989.
在表示数据增加时可以用“show an upward trend”来表达,例如:
The number of divorces showed a slightly upward trend since the late 1990s.
如果数据减少,也可以用“show a downward trend”来表达。
WRITING TASK 2
You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.
Write about the following topic:
People generally know that the environment is important. However, most individuals still don't take responsibility to protect the environment. Why is this?
What should be done to encourage people to protect the environment?
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.
Write at least 250 words.
Model Essay
Humans have been damaging the environment ever since we realized our powers to harness nature. Global warming and air pollution are now frequent headlines on TV and in the newspapers all over the world which keep reminding us of our obligation to protect the environment. However, few actions are actually being taken at the individual level and I think there are two major reasons why people are being so indifferent.
The first reason is that many people consider the environmental problem as a future concern. Environmental reports often warn us of the dire consequences of climate change or energy crisis 100 or 200 years later. As a result, many people feel that money and time is better spent on solving more immediate problems such as housing shortage and traffic congestion than on preventing a disaster that is only predicted to happen in the future. Also, people feel that the environmental problems are too complex for individual people to cope with. Indeed, a combination of factors cause environmental problems, many of which are impossible to be controlled through individual actions.
The above attitudes are understandable but are obviously mistaken, so the government needs to take proactive measures to make people more environmentally responsible. They can make more public service advertisements to encourage people to consume more green products instead of disposable goods that are harmful to the environment. They can also offer more incentives to people who have been active in cleaning up the neighborhood or severely punish those who have been unfriendly to the environment.
There is always a dilemma between environment and development, but as an individual we can do something to reduce the negative impact of human activities on the environment. Certainly we do not want to see the Earth turn into an uninhabitable planet.
重点词汇
harness vt.利用(河流、瀑布等)产生动力(尤指电力)
There is a great deal of interest in harnessing wind and waves as new sources of power.
obligation n.义务,职责,债务
You have a legal obligation to(=The law says you must) ensure your child receives a proper education.
indifferent adj.冷漠的,不关心的
He found it very hard teaching a class full of indifferent teenagers.
incentives n.动机 adj.激励的
There is little incentive for people to leave their cars at home when public transport remains so expensive.
disposable adj.一次性使用的
He bought a disposable camera to take pictures while traveling to Europe.
proactive adj.(心理)前摄的,主动的,抢先行动的
Companies are going to have to be more proactive about environmental management.
dilemma n.进退两难的局面,困难的选择
She faces the dilemma of disobeying her father or losing the man she loves.
uninhabitable adj. 不适于人居住的
If there's no roof then the house is uninhabitable.
实用句型
采取行动做某事:take...measures to...
请注意范文中的这句话:
The above attitudes are understandable but are obviously mistaken, so the government needs to take proactive measures to make people more environmentally responsible.
在分析解决型的议论文写作中经常要讨论解决某问题需要采取某些措施。
"take...measures to......就是一个非常常用的句型,其中“measure”的意思是措施、行动。
我们也可以用action来代替measure。
在action或measure前可以加上一些形容词如proactive(积极的),immediate,strong,reasonable,the following,the above等。
我们还可以用被动语态来表达,例如:
The following measures/actions must be taken in order to solve the environmental problems.
Immediate actions should be taken to ensure the safety of the residents.
