学位英语短文写作策略
(一）题型分析
该部分要求考生写一篇常见的应用文，也可用提纲、情景或图表做提示，要求考生说明或论述一个一般性话题，字数不少于100个英文单词。本部分满分为15分，考试时间为30分钟。
短文写作是学士学位考试主观题中很重要的一部分。它能反映考生的英语综合能力。除了英语能力之外，写作还要求考生有较广的知识面，对社会和生活的诸多方面有一定的阅历和见解，并有较强的逻辑推理和思辨能力。从历年真题来看，写作内容比较贴近学习和生活，涵盖文化教育、社会热点、人生哲理等。从命题形式来看，出题方式灵活多样，主要有提纲作文、情景作文、图表作文等，考得最多的是提纲作文。
(二）解题要领
1.审题
审题是短文写作的前提，审题审得好，写起来就可以事半功倍。在审题的时候，先从题目要求中分析其包含的内容和信息，根据这些信息确定文章属于哪一种体裁。然后抓住题目中的关键词和内在逻辑关系，进一步考虑怎样组织文章的具体结构，合理地谋篇布局，使文章紧扣主题。
2.构思
确定好作文的体裁之后，考生要梳理写作思路，列出简单的提纲，确定各段写作方法和对应的素材。提纲因人而异，可详可略，不必太过字勘句酌，只要具备轮廓就可以。同时，要做好三件事：安排好层次段落；铺设好过渡；处理好开头和结尾。此外，如何安排每段的内容，如何做好段与段之间的衔接和过渡，都是需要考生勾画好的。
3.成文
提纲列好之后，考生需要顺着提纲的思路，动笔完成各个段落。文章一般分为三段：一是开头部分，应开篇点题，对文章要点、核心问题或对某种现象进行描述；二是主体部分，可用一段或两段来写，主要围绕主题展开阐述或论证，可采用举例法、列举法和对比法等；三是结尾部分，要归纳概括全文的内容，重申中心思想或自己的观点，深化主题、首尾呼应，最好要有一定的升华，给阅卷老师留下深刻的印象。
4.检查
在扩展成文之后，要对文章进行检查复核，这是短文写作的最后一关。在语篇层面上，考生需要检查整篇文章内容是否切题，主题是否明确等。在段落层面上，考生需要检查段落结构是否完整，上下文是否连贯，段与段之间是否衔接自然等。在句法层面上，考生需要检查是否有单词拼写、语法、大小写以及标点符号等方面的错误，主谓是否一致，动词时态和语态的使用是否正确，词汇的搭配是否合乎习惯等。还有就是注意卷面整洁。
(三）技巧点拨
在进行短文写作的时候，无论是在整篇文章的结构布局、遣词造句、时态和语态的选择还是标点符号的使用方面，都有一定的技巧可循。以下几点供考生参考：
1.在开始动笔之前，先确定文章用第几人称写，基本时态是什么。使用人称时人物不能张冠李戴或指代不明，整篇文章的时态也要尽量保持一致。
2.在整篇文章中，避免重复用同一单词或词组或只使用一两个句式。英语中存在着极为丰富的同义词，在写作中要准确地使用同义词，避免用词重复单调。同时要灵活运用各种句式，如倒装句、强调句、省略句、主从复合句、对比句、分词短语等，使文章句式结构多样化，从而增强文章的可读性。
3.使用不同长度的句子。如果一个意思用一句话表达不清楚的话，通过分句和合句或用两句、三句来表达，增强句子的连贯性和表现力。
4.改变句子的开头方式，不要一味地以主、谓、宾、状的顺序进行写作，有时可以把状语置于句首或以分词短语开头等。
5.注意运用一些固定词组、习语、谚语来代替一些词表达意思，并使用一些特殊句子句型，以增加文采。
6.恰当使用过渡词，使上下文逻辑连贯，行文流畅。
例如：
表示时间顺序：first,first of all,then,afterwards,meanwhile,later,finally,at last...
表示空间顺序：near,next to,far from,in front of,on one side,on the left..
表示递进关系：furthermore,moreover,besides,in addition,then,what's more...
表示转折关系：however,but,nevertheless,after all,instead,in spite of,yet,while...
表示比较关系：compared with,equally,in comparison with,in contrast,on the contrary...
表示因果关系：accordingly,as a result of,because(of),conse-quently,due to,therefore...
表示选择关系：either...or...,neither...nor...,instead of...,rather than...,not only...but also...
表示总结：to sum up,on the whole,in brief,in a word,to con-clude,in conclusion...
表示强调：really,indeed,certainly,surely,truly,above all...
7.要做到卷面整洁、美观，尽量不涂改，给阅卷老师留下良好的第一印象。
(四）万能模板
1.提纲类
(1)现象解释型
第一段：描述现象，对现象进行简单说明。
Nowadays, we have witnessed . And has always aroused the greatest concern. What impresses us most is_.There are some reasons accounting for this phenomenon.
第二段：分析产生上述现象的各种原因。
Among the various reasons,______plays an important role.That is to say, . What's more, . For example, .
第三段：表明自己的观点或建议。
As to me, On the one hand, . On the other hand , . In brief , .
(2)问题解决型
第一段：说明现阶段存在的问题。
Nowadays one of the serious problems China is faced with is .According to a survey, Therefore, it is clear that has been getting more and more serious.
第二段：分析问题产生的原因和可能导致的后果。
Take for example. To account for the phenomenon,people have come up with various causes as listed below. On the one hand,_____.On the other hand， . There is no doubt that the issue has exerted harmful effects on .
第三段：给出解决问题的方法或建议。
Therefore, some measures should be taken to put an end to this problem. To begin with, . In addition, . Only through these measures can we hope to solve the problem.
(3)观点论证型
第一段：引出话题，发表个人观点。
In recent years, has aroused wide/considerable public attention . Undoubtedly , . / There is no doubt that .
第二段：给出论据，论证自己观点。
As is known to us, play(s) an important role in . For one thing , For another , .Meanwhile, .
第三段：做出总结，重申观点。
Considering the above situation, it is high time that we put great emphasis on . First of all/In the first place， .Furthermore, .Only in this way can we .
(4)对比观点型
第一段：概述现象，提出要讨论的主题。
When it comes to ______, people hold different opinions.
第二段：分别阐述人们对此现象的不同观点及原因。
Some contend that . For one thing , For another , . In spite of all these claims , others maintain that . They point out that . Another instance often cited is that .
第三段：提出自己的看法并给出理由。
It's no easy task to find a satisfactory answer to the issue. As for me , there's some truth to both arguments . It's advisable to
(5)分析利弊型
第一段：交代事物现状，引出话题。
Nowadays, there is a widespread concern over . In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in .
第二段：说明利弊。
Generally speaking, its advantages can be seen as follows.Firstly, . And secondly, .Just as a popular saying goes, "Every coin has two sides",_____is no excep-tion, and in another word, it still has negative aspects. One of the important disadvantages is that . To make mattersworse,_____.
第三段：发表自己对现状（或前景）的看法。
To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of into full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time. In that case, we will definitely make a better use of the .
(6)名言谚语型
第一段：引出名言或谚语及其所蕴涵的意义。
It is well known to us that the proverb:" " has a profound significance and value not only in our job but also in our study.It means . Indeed , we can learn many things from it .
第二段：对名言或谚语进行评论。
First of all, .For example, . Secondly, . Another case is that . Furthermore , .
第三段：重申话题，总结全文。
In short, whatever you do, please remember the saying .The more we are aware of the significance of this famous saying, the more benefits we will get in our daily study and job.
2.图表类
第一段：描述图表内容。
According to the chart/ graph/ table, we clearly learn that . has changed drastically in the past .While ，now the percentage of is .
第二段：结合图表反映的情况展开分析。
Meanwhile , the number of has soared up to . There are mainly two possible reasons contributing to the rapid changes. In the first place, . Moreover, .
第三段：提出建议，总结全文。
As far as I am concerned, it is possible that in the future the tendency will . In light of this, it is suggestive that . Furthermore , .
3.应用文
(1)感谢信
Dear xxx，
第一段：说明写信的目的，表达感谢。
I'm writing to extend my sincere gratitude to you for your unselfish assistance given to me during___.If it had not been for your help/assistance/guidance,I would have never__________.
第二段：阐述感谢的原因。
To begin with, . In addition, . Last but not least, .
第三段：再次表示感谢并表达祝愿。
Again I'd like to express my great appreciation for your timely help. Best regards for your health and success.
落款
Sincerely yours,
×××
(2)建议信
Dear Sir or Madam,
第一段：说明写信的目的，提出建议。
As a , I feel that it is my obligation to make several suggestions concerning .
第二段：具体阐述建议。
First and foremost, . Secondly, .Last but not least, .
第三段：提出期望。
I firmly believe that these suggestions will be of help to you. I would be more than happy if my suggestions could be considered.
落款：
Sincerely yours,
×××
(3)祝贺信
Dear x x x,
第一段：说明写信的目的，表示祝贺。
I have learned with delight that you . I would like to extend to you my utmost congratulations on .And I feel very happy for you.
第二段：描述祝贺的事由。
is quite exciting news! I know this is surely owing to . It is a reward you richly deserve for your .
第三段：再次表示祝贺及期待。
My best wishes for your further success.
落款：
Sincerely yours,
xxx
(4)邀请信
Dear x x x ,
第一段：简要说明活动，发出邀请。
.It would be pleased/honored to have you here.
第二段：介绍活动具体内容，并说明受邀人参加的理由。
During the conference/party,we will have lots of activities you will interested in.First， .Second， .I know/believe that you will be very interested in .First/For one thing, . Second/For another， .The conference/party would not be complete without you. The conference/party will begin at and we do hope you can come .
第三段：期待对方接受邀请，并期待对方尽快回复。
I am looking forward to your reply.
落款：
Sincerely yours,
×××
