大学英语四级阅读题目与讲解

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C)and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Ansuer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

 

Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

 

Roughly the size of a soda can, sitting on a bookshelf, a relatively harmless gadget may be turning friends away from your home. The elephant in your living room is your Internet-connected security camera, a device people are increasingly using for peace of mind in their homes. But few stop to think about the effect these devices may have on house guests. Should you tell your friends,for instance, that they're being recorded while you all watch the big game together?

 

"It's certainly new territory, especially as home security cameras become easier to install," says Lizzie Post, president of the Emily Post Institute, America's foremost manners advisors. "I think it will be very interesting to see what etiquette(礼仪） emerges in terms of whether you tell people you have a camera or not , and whether guests have a right to ask that it be turned off , if it's not a security issue."

 

Post wants to make clear that she's not talking about legal rights, but rather personal preferences. She also wants to explain that there are no right or wrong answers regarding manners or this front yet, because the technology is just now becoming mainstream. Besides, the Emily Post Institute doesn't dictate manners.

 

When it comes to security cameras, Post says it's a host's responsibility to make sure guests feel comfortable within their home. "I'm always a fan of being open and honest." For instance, if the host casually acknowledges that there is a camera in the room by telling a story about it, that may be enough to provide an opening for a guest to say if they are uncomfortable.

 

However, if a contractor is working in your home, you don't need to tell them that there are cameras watching. Then again, the air of accountability that the camera generates can also work in contractors' favor. "If anything does go wrong while they're in the house, they don't want to be blamed for it," she says. "In fact, the camera could be the thing that proves that they didn't steal the$20, or knock the vase off the table."

 

46. For what reason may your friends feel reluctant to visit your home?

A) The security camera installed may intrude into their privacy.

B) They don't want their photos to be circulated on the Internet.

C) The security camera may turn out to be harmful to their health.

D) They may not be willing to interact with your family members.

 

47. What does Lizzie Post say is new territory?

A) The effect of manners advice on the public.

B) Cost of applying new technologies at home.

C) The increasing use of home security devices.

D) Etiquette around home security cameras.

 

48. What is Lizzie Post mainly discussing with regard to the use of home security cameras?

A) Legal rights

B)Moral issues.

C) Likes and dislikes of individuals.

D) The possible impact on manners.

 

49. What is a host's responsibility regarding security cameras, according to Lizzie Post?

A) Making their guests feel at ease.

B) Indicating where they are.

C) Turning them off in time.

D) Ensuring their guests' privacy.

 

50. In what way can the home security camera benefit visitors to your home?

A)It can satisfy their curiosity.

B)It can prove their innocence.

C)It can help them learn new technology.

D)It can make their visit more enjoyable.

 

总体分析

本文选自Time(《时代周刊》）。文章第一段引入主题：家中装有安全摄像头是否应该告诉来客的问题；第二、三段讨论家中安全摄像头相关的礼仪问题；第四、五段介绍波斯特的建议。

 

详解

46.你的朋友可能出于什么原因不愿拜访你家？

A)安装的安全摄像头可能侵犯他们的隐私。B)他们不想自己的照片在网上传播。C)安全摄像头可能对他们的健康有害D)他们也许不愿和你的家人交流。

定位：由题干中的visit your home定位到首段第一句：Roughly the size of a soda can,sitting on a bookshelf, a relatively harmless gadget may be turning friends away from your home.

详解：推理判断题。文章开篇第一句指出，只是一个苏达汽水罐大小、放在书架上且相对没什么害处的小玩意却可能会让朋友对你家敬而远之。接着第二句指出，这个设备就是安装在客厅里的联网安全摄像头。由此推断，朋友不愿来家里做客是因为安装的安全摄像头可能会侵犯他们的隐私，故答案为A)。

干扰项排除：原文并未提及B)项相关信息，故排除；首段第一句提到安全摄像头相对没什么害处，故排除C);原文并未提及D)项内容，故排除。

 

47.利兹·波斯特所说的全新领域是什么？

A)礼仪方面的建议对公众的影响。

B)在家中应用新科技所需的成本。

C)家庭安全设备日益广泛的应用。

D)家中安装安全摄像头涉及的礼仪问题。

定位：由题干中的new territory定位到第二段："It's territory,especially as home security cameras become earlier to install," says Lizzie Post, president of the Emily Post Institute，America’s foremost manners advisors."I think it will be very interesting to see what etiquette(礼仪）emerges in terms of whether you tell people you save a camera or not, and whether guests have a right to ask that it be turned off，if it’s not a security issue.

详解：事实细节题。文章第二段第一句提到，利兹·波斯特表示：“这当然是一个新领域，尤其是现在安装家庭安全摄像头已经不是什么难事了。”接着下文指出，就是否告诉别人你家安装了摄像头以及客人是否有权要求关掉摄像头方面而言，看会出现什么礼仪问题将会是一件非常有趣的事。由此可知，第一句中的新领域是指有关于家中安装摄像头涉及的礼仪问题，故答案为D)。

干扰项排除：A)项内容原文并未提及，故排除；本段第一句指出，现在安装家庭安全摄像头已经不是什么难事了，但并未提及有关安装成本的问题，故排除B);C)选项有很大的迷惑性：首先，第一段指出，越来越多的人在家中安装联网安全摄像头，但安全摄像头不等于家庭安全设备；其次，波斯特所谈论的话题并不是安全摄像头的应用范围的问题，是其中涉及的礼仪问题，故排除该项。

 

48.关于家庭安全摄像头的应用，利兹·波斯特主要讨论了什么？

A)法律权利

B)道德问题。

C)个人好恶。

D)对礼仪的可能影响。

定位：由题干中的Lizzie Post和the use of home security cameras定位到第三段第一句：Post wants to make clear that she's not talking about legal rights, but rather personal preferences.

详解：事实细节题。文章第三段第一句指出，波斯特想澄清的是，她讨论的不是法律权利，而是个人喜好问题。likes and dislikes of individuals对应定位句中的personal preferences,故答案为C)。

干扰项排除：定位句明确指出波斯特讨论的不是法律权利，故排除A);B)项是对该段第二句“关于这方面的礼仪，目前还没有对错之分”的错误理解，且本文并未提及道德问题，故排除；根据定位段可知，“对礼仪的可能影响”并非波斯特主要讨论的问题，故排除D)。

于这方面的礼仪，目前还没有对错之分”的错误理解，且本文并未提及道德问题，故排除；根据定位礼仪的可能影响”并非波斯特主要讨论的问题，故排除D)。

 

49.根据利兹·波斯特，主人在安全摄像头问题上有什么义务？

让他们的客人感到自在。

C)及时关闭摄像头。

B)指明摄像头的位置

D)确保客人的隐私不受侵犯。

定位：由题干中的a host's responsibility定位到第四段第一句：When it comes to security cameras, Post says it's a host's responsibility to make sure guests feel comfortable within their home.

详解：事实细节题。第四段第一句提到，说到安全摄像头，波斯特说，主人有义务保证客人在家做客时感到舒适。A)中的 making their guests feel at e

位句中的make sure guests feel

comfortable,故答案为A)

干扰项排除：本段第三句指出，主人要是能讲述一件有关于家里摄像头的事儿，漫不经心地承认家里有摄像头，这就足以让：人有机会说自己是否觉得不舒服了，而并非要告诉客人摄像头的位置，B)选项与原文

不一致，故排除；C)选项为过度推断，本段并未指出波斯特认为主人应及时

关闭摄像头，故除；D)选项与原文表述不一致，故排除。

 

50.家用安全摄像头可能以何种方式为家中访客带来好处？

A)它能满足他们的好奇心。

C)它能帮助他们了解新技术。

B)它能证明他们的清白。

D)它能让他们的拜访更愉快。

定位：由题干中的benefit visitors定位到第五段最后三句：Then again,the air of accountability that the camera generates can also work in contractors' favor. "If anything does go wrong while they're in the house, they don't want to be blamed for it," she says. "In fact, the camera coule be the thing that proves that they didn't steal the $20, or knock the vase off the table."

详解：推理判断题。定位句指出，摄像头所创造的可追究责任的氛围对来到家里的承包商有利皮斯特说：“如果他们在家里工作时，家里确实出了什么问题，他们也不想因此受到指责。”她还提到：“事实上，摄像头可以证明那20美元不是他们偷的，桌上的花瓶也不是他们打碎的。”由此可知家用安全摄像头可证明访客的清白，故答案为B)。

干扰项排除：A)、C)和D)三项内容文中均未提及，故排除。

 

难句分析

1. I think it will be very interesting to see what etiquette emerges in terms of whether you tell people you have a camera or not, and whether guests have a right to ask that it be turned off, if it's not a security issue.(P2S2)

分析本句主干是“I think...”。“it will be very interesting to see...”是宾语从句，其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是不定式短语“to see..."。what etiquette emerges是宾语从句，作see的宾语。

"in terms of..."作状语；"whether you tell people..."和“whether guests have a right to ask..."是并列的宾语从句，作in terms of的宾语；you have a camera or not 和 that it be turned off均是宾语从句，分别作tell和ask的宾语。if it's not a security issue是条件状语从句。

译文我认为，如果不涉及安全问题的话，就是否告诉别人你家安装了摄像头以及客人是否有权要求关掉摄像头而言，看会出现什么礼仪问题将会是一件非常有趣的事。

 

2. For instance, if the host casually acknowledges that there is a camera in the room by telling a story about it , that may be enough to provide an opening for a guest to say if they are uncomfortable .

(P4S3)

分析本句主干是“that may be enough to provide an opening for a guest to say.…”，其中if they are uncomfortable 是宾语从句，作 say的宾语。for instance作状语。"if the host casually acknowledges..."是条件状语从句，而that there is a camera in the room是acknowledges的宾语从句；by telling a story about it是方式状语。

译文例如，主人要是能讲述一件有关于家里摄像头的事儿，漫不经心地承认家里有摄像头，这就足以让客人有机会说自己是否觉得不舒服了。