雅思写作之时态学习【1】
时态
一般现在时
●表示客观事实或永恒真理
土壤侵蚀无论在富国还是穷国,都会威胁到土地的生产力。
Soil erosion threatens the productivity of land in both rich or poor countries.
●在时间和条件状语从句中,用一般现在时表示将来
当一个国家发展科技的时候,传统艺术和生活方式可望不会完全消失。
When a country develops its technology,the traditional skills and ways of life hopefully will not completely die out.
一般过去时
过去的时间发生的事情
●在2003年澳大利亚使用的石油量急剧增长,从20%增长到75%。
There was an abrupt increase in the amount of oil using in Australia in 2003,rocking from 20% to 75%.=The amount of oil using in Australia in 2003 soared dramatically from 20% to 75%.=The amount of oil using in Australia in 2003 displayed a significant growth,which rose from 20% to 75%.
一般将来时
●将来出现的情况或发生的动作
我认为在未来的50年社会的教育质量会有很大的提高。
In the next 50 years I think that the quality of education in the society will improve greatly.
●表示习惯或者倾向
神奇的是,从一串杂乱无章的真实信息中总会产生出一个条理的相关理论。
The myth is that from a disorderly array of factual information an orderly,relevant theory will somehow emerge.
现在进行时
●现在正在进行的动作
空气污染正日益成为世界政府和人民忧虑的焦点。
Air pollution is increasingly becoming the focus of government and citizen concern around the globe.
●当前、频率或持续的副词,包括always,constantly,continually,forever,perpetually等
吸烟的人在不断地破坏自己的心血管系统。
People who smoke cigarettes are continually damaging their cardiovascular system.
现在完成时have/has+动词-ed
●过去的动作对现在产生影响
广播和电视使广告商得以用这种手段吸引人们的注意力。
Radio and television have made it possible for advertisers to capture the attention of people in this way.
●从过去持续到现在的状态
近年来从人类学和考古学方面收集到的证据表明,该地区一维持一系列的当地文化长达11000年之久。
Evidence gathered in recent years from anthropology and archaeology indicates that the region has supported a series of indigenous cultures fro 11 thousand years.
●与特定词语一起使用
Since自从;so far迄今为止=as yet=to date;over the past...=in the past...【在过去的......的时间里】
迄今为止,生物学对提高运动员的成绩作用并不大。
So far,biomechanics has made only a small difference to athletic performance.
过去完成时
●到了过去某个时候为止,动作已经完成
到了1999年3月,失业率达到5%的平稳状态。
By March 1999,the unemployment rate had reached a plateau around 5%.
现在完成时进行时have/has been doing
●从过去某个时候开始,一直持续到当前
近年来,科学研究一直在提供证据,表明经年累月的吸烟会大大地增加患绝症的风险,
In recent years,scientific research has been proving evidence that years of cigarette smoking vastly increase the risk of developing fatal medical conditions.
被动语态
Be+过去分词:is/am/are+过去分词(一般现在时被动语态);was/were+过去分词(一般过去时被动语态);have/has been+过去分词(现在完成时被动语态);used to be+过去分词(过去常常被动语态);will be +过去分词(将来时被动语态)
令人困扰的是,在这十年期间,发展中国家没有更多的进步。
What is disturbing is that not more progress was made during this ten-year period by the developing countries.
在社交环境中,衣着常备当作角色标记,用来表明集会的性质与正式程度,偶尔还可以表示出与会者的社会地位。
In social circumstances,dress has often been used as a role sign to indicate the nature and degree of formality of any gathering and occasionally the social status of people present.