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大学英语四级阅读SectionC讲解月分析【6】

2019-08-16

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Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.

 

“One of the reasons I find this topic very interesting is because my mom was a smoker when I was younger” says Lindson-Hawley, who studies tobacco and health at the University of Oxford.

 

By studying about 700 adult smokers, 51she found out that her mom quit the right wayby stopping abruptly and completely.

 

In her study, participants were randomly (随机地)assigned to two groups. One had to quit abruptly on a given day, going from about a pack a day to zero. The other cut down gradually over the course of two weeks. 52People in both groups used nicotine (尼古丁)patches before they quit, in addition to a second form of nicotine replacement, like gum or spray. They also had talk therapy with a nurse before and after quit day.

 

Six months out, more people who had quit abruptly had stuck with it—more than one-fifth of them, compared to about one-seventh in the other group. Although these numbers appear low, it is much higher than if people try without support.

 

And the quit rates were particularly convincing given that before the study started, 53most of the people had said theyd rather cut down gradually before quitting. If youre training for a marathon, you wouldnt expect to turn up and just be able to run it. And I think people see that for smoking as well. They think, Wellif I gradually reduce, its like practice says Lindson-Hawley. But that wasn’t the case. 55Instead of giving people practice, the gradual reduction likely gave them cravings (瘾)and withdrawal symptoms before they even reached quit day, which could be why fewer people in that group actually made it to that point. 53Regardless of your stated preference, if youre ready to quit, quitting abruptly is more effective,says Dr. Gabriela Ferreira. “When you can quote a specific number like a fifth of the patients were able to quit, that’s compelling. It gives them the encouragement, I think, to really go for it’’Ferreira says.

People rarely manage to quit the first time they try. But at least, she says, they can maximize the odds of success.

 

 

 

【杀掉拦路虎】

 

1. abruptly [ə'brʌptlɪ]

adv.突然地;意外地;(言谈举止)唐突地;地质 陡起地

 

2. patch [pætʃ]

n. 补丁,补片;碎片,碎屑;(文章的)一段;斑点;

vt. 修补,拼凑;暂时遮掩一下;修理,平息(吵架等);用美人斑装饰(脸);

vi. 打补丁

 

3. gum [ɡʌm]

n. 口香糖;树胶;黏胶;牙龈;

vt.& vi. 胶合;涂以树胶;使…有粘性

 

4. spray [sprei]

vt.& vi. ;喷射;

n. 喷雾;喷雾器;浪花;(用作装饰的)小树枝

 

5. therapy [ˈθerəpi]

n.治疗,疗法,疗效;心理治疗;治疗力

 

6. stuck [stʌk]

v.(stick 的过去式及过去分词)

adj.动不了的;被卡住的;被…缠住的;被…难住的,不知所措

 

7. convincing [kənˈvɪnsɪŋ]

adj.令人相信的;有说服力的;令人心悦诚服的

v.使相信(convince的现在分词);使明白;使确信;说服

 

8. marathon [ˈmærəθən]

n.体 马拉松赛跑;长距离比赛;需要长时间努力或耐力的事件或活动

adj.需要极大持久力的

vi.参加马拉松比赛

 

9. turn up [tə:n ʌp]

开大;翻起;出现;(尤指失去后偶然)被发现

 

10. reduction [riˈdʌkʃən]

n. 减少;降低;[数学]约简;[摄影术]减薄

 

11. withdrawal symptoms

脱隐症状(戒除某习惯时所引起的痛苦和不适)

 

 

12. preference [ˈprefərəns]

n. 偏爱;优先权;偏爱的事物;(债权人)受优先偿还的权利

 

13. quote [kwəut]

vt.& vi. 引述,引用;

vt. 报价;引述;

vi. 引用;

n. 引用;报价;引号

14. compelling [kəmˈpelɪŋ]

adj.引人入胜的;扣人心弦的;非常强烈的;不可抗拒的

v.强迫,使不得不( compel的现在分词)

 

15. odds [ɒdz]

n.希望,可能性;几率,胜算;掣肘的事情;逆境

 

16. illustrate [ˈiləstreit]

vt. 说明;表明;给…加插图;(用示例、图画等)说明;

vi. 举例说明

 

51. What does Lindson-Hawley say about her mother?

    A) She quit smoking with her daughter’s help.

    B) She succeeded in quitting smoking abruptly.

    C) She was also a researcher of tobacco and health.

D) She studied the smoking patterns of adult smokers.

【答案】B
【解析】本题为细节题, 51she found out that her mom quit the right wayby stopping abruptly and completely.可知:她发现她妈妈煎的方式很正确——突然彻底的戒掉,因此正确答案为B选项。

52.What kind of support did smokers receive to quit smoking in Lindson-Hawley’s study?

    A) They were given physical training.

    B) They were looked after by physicians.

    C) They were encouraged by psychologists.

D) They were offered nicotine replacements.

【答案】D
【解析】本题为细节题, 52People in both groups used nicotine (尼古丁)patches before they quit, in addition to a second form of nicotine replacement, like gum or spray.可知:在他们戒烟之前,除了使用尼古丁的替代产品像口香糖或者是喷雾,都使用了尼古丁贴片,也就是说再戒烟之前他们都使用了尼古丁的替代物。因此正确答案为D选项。

53. How does Dr. Gabriela Ferreira view the result of Lindson-Hawley’s experiment?

    A) It is idealized.

    B) It is unexpected.

    C) It is encouraging.

D) It is misleading.

【答案】C
【解析】本题为细节题,  53Regardless of your stated preference, if youre ready to quit, quitting abruptly is more effective,says Dr. Gabriela Ferreira. 可知:不管你有什么样的偏好,如果你准备去戒烟了,突然的戒掉是更有效的,因此正确答案为C选项。

54. The idea of “a marathon”Line 2, Para. 5) illustrates the popular belief that quitting smoking_______

    A) is something few can accomplish

    B) needs some practice first

    C) requires a lot of patience

D) is a challenge at the beginning

【答案】B
【解析】本题为细节题, 53most of the people had said theyd rather cut down gradually before quitting. If youre training for a marathon, you wouldnt expect to turn up and just be able to run it. And I think people see that for smoking as well. They think, Wellif I gradually reduce, its like practice可知:大多数人说他们在戒烟之前,需要逐渐减少吸烟量,如果你在进行马拉松训练,你别指望着立马就能到达,只管尽力去跑,我认为吸烟也是这样,如果我逐渐减少,就像练习一样,不难看出文中所表达的意思就是,戒烟就像跑马拉松一样,需要慢慢来的。因此正确答案为B选项。

55. What happens when people try to quit smoking gradually?

    A) They find it even more difficult.

    B) They are simply unable to make it.

    C) They show fewer withdrawal symptoms.

D) They feel much less pain in the process.

【答案】A
【解析】本题为细节题, 55Instead of giving people practice, the gradual reduction likely gave them cravings (瘾)and withdrawal symptoms before they even reached quit day, 可知:让戒烟的人逐渐戒烟,会让他们成瘾或或者是出现脱瘾症状,选项b说的是他们不可能成功戒烟,选项c说的是他们很少出现脱瘾症状,选项d说的是他们在戒烟过程中很少有痛苦。因此正确答案为A选项。

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