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大学英语四级阅读Section A讲解与分析【3】

2019-08-16

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Section A

Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices, Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

 

Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.

As if you needed another reason to hate the gym, it now turns out that exercise can exhaust not only your muscles, but also your eyes. Fear not, however, for coffee can stimulate them again. During (26)_______ exercise, our muscles tire as they run out of fuel and build up waste products. Muscle performance can also be affected by a (27)_______ called "central fatigue,” in which an imbalance in the body’s chemical messengers prevents the central nervous system from directing muscle movements28)_______. It was not known, however, whether central fatigue might also affect motor systems not directly (29) _______ in the exercise itself, such as those that move the eyes. To find out, researchers gave 11 volunteer cyclists a carbohydrate (碳水化合物的)(30)_______ either with a moderate dose of caffeine (咖啡因)which is known to stimulate the central nervous system, or as a placebo (安慰剂) without, during 3 hours of (31)_______ . After exercising, the scientists tested the cyclists with eye-tracking cameras to see how well their brains could still (32)_______ their visual system. The team found that exercise reduced the speed of rapid eye movements by about 8%, (33)_______ their ability to capture new visual information. The caffeine, the equivalent of two strong cups of coffee, was (34)_______ to reverse this effect, with some cyclists even displaying (35)_______ eye movement speeds. So it might be a good idea to get someone else to drive you home after that marathon.

解析: 做选词填空题

第一步:将所选词进行动词,名词,形容词,副词分类

第二步:通读全文,了解大意,并根据空缺确定词性,从相应的词中寻找,不确定的空可以先不填

第三步:完成第二步后将剩余的空填完

第四步:检测,快速通读全文,检查错误

【杀掉拦路虎】

 

1. dose [dəus]

n. 剂量,药量;(药的)一服,一剂;(处罚等)一回,一次,一番;(酒中的)配料,增味剂;

vi. 服药;

vt. 给药;给…服药;把(药等)配分剂量;在(酒)中加料

2. capture [ˈkæptʃə]

vt. 俘获;夺取;夺得;引起(注意、想像、兴趣);

n. 捕获;占领;捕获物;[计算机]捕捉

3. equivalent [iˈkwivələnt]

adj. 相等的,相当的,等效的;等价的,等积的;[化学]当量的;

n. 对等物;[化学]当量

4. reverse [riˈvə:s]

vt.& vi. (使)反转;(使)颠倒;掉换,交换;[]撤消,推翻;

vi. 倒退;[桥牌]逆叫;

adj. 反面的;颠倒的;倒开的;[]倒卷的;

n. 倒转,反向;[]回动;倒退;失败

5. display [disˈplei]

n. 展览,陈列;陈列品,展览品;显示器;炫耀;

vt. 显示;陈列;展开,伸展;夸示,炫耀;

vi. (计算机屏幕上)显示

6. marathon [ˈmærəθən]

n.体 马拉松赛跑;长距离比赛;需要长时间努力或耐力的事件或活动

adj.需要极大持久力的

vi.参加马拉松比赛

  1. cautiously adv.谨慎地,小心地 

B) commit v.犯错,承诺

C) control v.控制

D) cycling n.骑自行车

E) effectively adv.有效地

F)increased adj.增加的

G) involved v.涉及,参与

H) limited v.限制

I) phenomenon n.现象

J) preventing v.阻止

K) sensitive adj.敏感的

L) slowing v.减慢

M) solution n.解决方法,溶液

N) sufficient adj.足够多的,足以

O) vigorous adj.强有力的

 

 

【答案】O) vigorous adj.强有力的
   【解析】 During (26)_______ exercise, our muscles tire as they run out of fuel and build up waste products. 本空应填形容词,在_______ 锻炼期间,当然烧完燃料并制造出废物后,我们的肌肉就会疲劳,一般,我们的肌肉是不疲劳了,可见这是一种高强度的锻炼。故正确答案为O) vigorous adj.强有力的
27.【答案】I) phenomenon n.现象
   【解析】Muscle performance can also be affected by a (27)_______ called "central fatigue,”本空前面是冠词a 后面缺一个名词,并且这个名词是单数可数的,再结合给出的选项,D) cycling n.骑自行车,I) phenomenon n.现象,M) solution n.解决方法,D选项排除,根据上下文内容,M选项排除,故正确答案为I) phenomenon n.现象。
28.【答案】E) effectively adv.有效地
   【解析】由 in which an imbalance in the body’s chemical messengers prevents the central nervous system from directing muscle movements28)_______. 可知:本句话是一个完整的句子,因此空后应填写一个副词,再结合选项A cautiously adv.谨慎地,小心地E) effectively adv.有效地,根据句意.....从直接_______肌肉引动,填写E) effectively adv.有效地,最恰当。故正确答案为E选项。
29.【答案】G) involved v.涉及,参与
   【解析】whether central fatigue might also affect motor systems not directly (29) _______ in the exercise itself, such as those that move the eyes. 通读上下文,此处应填写非谓语动词,involved in固定搭配,意为参与某事,故正确答案为G选项。
30.【答案】M) solution n.解决方法,溶液
   【解析】researchers gave 11 volunteer cyclists a carbohydrate (碳水化合物的)(30)_______ either with a moderate dose of caffeine (咖啡因)由前面的a,可知,后面缺一个名词,再根据句意研究人员给十一名志愿骑行者一种带有限制剂量咖啡因的碳水化合物的_______ ,再结合给出的选项D) cycling n.骑自行车,M) solution n.解决方法,溶液,排除d选项,故正确答案为M选项,此处考察同学们的单词掌握程度。
31.【答案】D) cycling n.骑自行车
   【解析】 during 3 hours of (31)_______ . ,本空介词之后,应填一个名词,根据上下文内容,可知本空应填写D) cycling n.骑自行车。即在三个小时的骑行时间里。正确答案为J选项。
32.【答案】C) control v.控制
   【解析】the scientists tested the cyclists with eye-tracking cameras to see how well their brains could still (32)_______ their visual system.本空前有could ,空后是宾语,因此应填写动词原型,根据句意,科学家想弄明白他们的大脑是如何控制视觉系统的。故正确答案为C选项。
33.【答案】J
   【解析】 The team found that exercise reduced the speed of rapid eye movements by about 8%, (33)_______ their ability to capture new visual information. 本空前句子完整,空后中心词为ability本空应填动词的现代分词,只有两个选项J) preventing v.阻止,L) slowing v.减慢,而能与ability搭配的只有J) preventing故正确答案为J选项。
34.【答案】N) sufficient adj.足够多的,足以
   【解析】由  The caffeine, the equivalent of two strong cups of coffee, was (34)_______ to reverse this effect, ,可知本空前是was ,空后 to,按语法结构来讲,应填写形容词或者非谓语动词,根据句意可知,咖啡因相当于两杯浓咖啡,_______扭转这种效果。结合给出的选形容词,填写N) sufficient adj.足够多的,足以最为合适。故正确答案为N选项。
35.【答案】F)increased adj.增加的
   【解析】 with some cyclists even displaying (35)_______ eye movement speeds. ,本控动宾关系明确,此处应填写形容词修饰后面的名词eye movement speeds,根据句意,有些骑手甚至显示出眼睛移动速度_______ 此处填写F)increased adj.增加的,最合适。故正确答案为F选项。

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