大学英语四级阅读SectionC讲解与分析【4】

 

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.

 

The brain is a seemingly endless library, whose shelves house our most precious memories as well as our lifetime’s knowledge. But is there a point where it reaches capacity?

 

The answer is no, because brains are more sophisticated than that. Instead of just crowding in, old information is sometimes pushed out of the brain for new memories to form.

 

【51】Previous behavioural studies have shown that learning new information can lead to forgetting. But in a new study, researchers demonstrated for the first time how this effect occurs in the brain.

 

【52】In daily life, forgetting actually has clear advantages. Imagine, for instance, that you lost your bank card. The new card you receive will come with a new personal identificatipn number (PIN). Each time you remember the new PIN, you gradually forget the old one. This process improves access to relevant information, without old memories interfering.

 

And most of us may sometimes feel the frustration of having old memories interfere with new, relevant memories. Consider trying to remember where you parked your car in the same car park you were at a week earlier. This type of memory (where you are trying to remember new, but similar information) is particularly vulnerable to interference.

 

When we acquire new information, the brain automatically tries to incorporate (合并)it within existing information by forming associations. And when we retrieve (检索) information, both the desired and associated but irrelevant information is recalled.,

 

The majority of previous research has focused on how we learn and remember new information.【53】 But current studies are beginning to place greater emphasis on the conditions under which we forget, as its importance begins to be more appreciated.

 

【54】A very small number of people are able to remember almost every detail of their life. While it may sound like an advantage to many, people with this rare condition often find their unusual ability burdensome.

 

【55】In a sense, forgetting is our brain’s way of sorting memories, so the most relevant memories are ready for retrieval. Normal forgetting may even be a safety mechanism to ensure our brain doesn’t become too full.

 

 

51. What have past behavioural studies found about our brain?

    A) Its capacity actually knows no limits.

    B) It grows sophisticated with practice.

    C) It keeps our most precious memories until life’s end.

D) New information learned pushes old information out. 

【答案】D
【解析】本题为细节题， 由【51】Previous behavioural studies have shown that learning new information can lead to forgetting. 可知：先前的研究表明，学习新知识会导致旧的知识，忘记，因此正确答案为D选项。

52. What is the benefit of forgetting?

    A) It frees us from painful memories.

    B) It helps slow down our aging process.

    C) It facilitates our access to relevant information.

D) It prevents old information from forming associations.

【答案】C
【解析】本题为细节题， 由【52】In daily life, forgetting actually has clear advantages. Imagine, for instance, that you lost your bank card. The new card you receive will come with a new personal identificatipn number (PIN). Each time you remember the new PIN, you gradually forget the old one. This process improves access to relevant information, without old memories interfering.可知：在我们的日常生活中忘记也有很明显的优势。然后以PIN为例，每次记住新的PIN就逐渐就会忘记旧的。这个过程有助于记住相关的信息，而不至于被旧的信息所干扰。因此正确答案为C选项，facilitate意思是有助于。

53. What is the emphasis of current studies of memory?

    A) When people tend to forget.

    B) What contributes to forgetting.

    C) How new technology hinders memory capacity.

D) Why learning and forgetting are complementary.

【答案】B
【解析】本题为细节题， 由【53】 But current studies are beginning to place greater emphasis on the conditions under which we forget, as its importance begins to be more appreciated.可知：现在研究更加注重是什么导致遗忘，因此正确答案为B选项。

54. What do people find about their rare ability to remember every detail of their life?

    A) It adds to the burden of their memory.

    B) It makes their life more complicated.

    C) It contributes to their success in life.

D) It constitutes a rare object of envy.

【答案】A
【解析】本题为细节题， 由【54】A very small number of people are able to remember almost every detail of their life. While it may sound like an advantage to many, people with this rare condition often find their unusual ability burdensome.可知：拥有超级记忆的人经常对不同寻常的能力而烦恼，因此正确答案为A选项。

55. What does the passage say about forgetting?

    A) It can enlarge our brain capacity.

    B) It helps get rid of negative memories.

    C) It is a way of organising our memories.

    D) It should not cause any alarm in any way.

【答案】C
【解析】本题为细节题， 由【55】In a sense, forgetting is our brain’s way of sorting memories, so the most relevant memories are ready for retrieval. Normal forgetting may even be a safety mechanism to ensure our brain doesn’t become too full.可知：在某种程度上忘记是我们大脑管理及信息的一种方式，c选项中organising和原文中sorting是同义词转换，因此正确答案为C选项。